CLASS 7 BIOLOGY Photosynthesis Overview
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CLASS 7 BIOLOGY Photosynthesis Overview

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@Dr. K. Viswanath

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Questions and Answers

What term describes organisms that prepare their own food?

  • Autotrophs (correct)
  • Saprophytes
  • Decomposers
  • Heterotrophs

    • Which pigment is essential for photosynthesis to occur?

  • Carotene
  • Chlorophyll (correct)
  • Anthocyanin
  • Xanthophyll

    • Through which structures do carbon dioxide enter the leaf for photosynthesis?

  • Lenticels
  • Stomata (correct)
  • Guard cells
  • Root hairs

    • What are the byproducts of photosynthesis?

    <p>Oxygen and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does photosynthesis predominantly occur in plants?

    <p>Leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of guard cells in the stomata?

    <p>To regulate gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical equation for the process of photosynthesis?

    <p>Carbon dioxide + Water + Light → Sugars + Oxygen + Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure contains cholorophyll and is vital for photosynthesis?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of stomata in plants?

    <p>Exchange of gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect the rate of photosynthesis?

    <p>Soil pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to stomata during the night when photosynthesis does not occur?

    <p>They completely close.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which temperature range is optimal for the rate of photosynthesis?

    <p>20° to 35°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

    <p>To capture light energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a macronutrient required for photosynthesis?

    <p>Sulphur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is photosynthesis crucial for animals and non-green plants?

    <p>It provides oxygen necessary for respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of photosynthesis in maintaining atmospheric balance?

    <p>It maintains a balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total plant dry weight do the four main elements (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen) constitute?

    <p>96%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a product derived from the process of photosynthesis?

    <p>Artificial fertilizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis?

    <p>They are primarily stored as starch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about chlorophyll is true?

    <p>It primarily absorbs green light, reflecting other colors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do guard cells function in the stomata during photosynthesis?

    <p>They regulate the opening and closing of stomatal pores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which raw material is NOT required for the process of photosynthesis?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of stomata in the photosynthesis process?

    <p>They facilitate the intake of carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is essential for trapping sunlight energy during photosynthesis?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the process of photosynthesis convert light energy into?

    <p>Chemical energy stored in carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis is incorrect?

    <p>Stomata are found on the upper surface of leaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the process of photosynthesis?

    <p>Soil pH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is primarily responsible for the provision of oxygen for respiration in living organisms?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do macronutrients play in photosynthesis?

    <p>Assisting in the photosynthetic light reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under which conditions do stomata primarily remain closed?

    <p>In darkness or at night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the chlorophyll pigment in photosynthesis?

    <p>It absorbs solar energy necessary for photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the rate of photosynthesis as temperature increases beyond 35°C?

    <p>It decreases or declines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are green plants considered essential for life on Earth?

    <p>They produce food and oxygen through photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is classified as a micronutrient necessary for photosynthesis?

    <p>Copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily produced as a direct outcome of photosynthesis?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do stomata regulate photosynthesis?

    <p>By controlling gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Green plants are known as ______ because they prepare their own food.

    <p>autotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosynthesis occurs mostly in the ______ of green plants.

    <p>leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of the green pigment ______ is essential for photosynthesis.

    <p>chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through small openings called ______.

    <p>stomata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During photosynthesis, food is synthesised in the form of ______.

    <p>sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosynthesis requires ______, which is obtained from the soil through the root system.

    <p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of photosynthesis converts light energy into ______ energy.

    <p>chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The two kidney-shaped cells surrounding the stomatal opening are called ______.

    <p>guard cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The whole structure consisting of an opening, guard cells and the subsidiary cells is called ______.

    <p>stomatal apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosynthesis occurs mainly during the ______.

    <p>day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosynthesis requires the pigment ______ to take place.

    <p>chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The optimal temperature range for photosynthesis is generally between ______ to ______°C.

    <p>20, 35</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Less availability of ______ reduces photosynthesis due to the closure of stomata.

    <p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All animals and non-green plants depend on green plants for their ______.

    <p>food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosynthesis maintains a balance between ______ and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

    <p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosynthesis increases with the availability of ______ concentration.

    <p>carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The remaining ______% of a dehydrated green plant's dry weight consists of various inorganic elements.

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The energy stored in fossil fuels is essentially solar energy stored during ______.

    <p>photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosynthesis can occur in both leaves and stems of green plants.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis to take place.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oxygen is absorbed by green plants during photosynthesis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stomata are primarily located on the upper surface of leaves.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of starch in leaves indicates that photosynthesis has occurred.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Guard cells surround the stomatal opening and contain chloroplasts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosynthesis converts sunlight into thermal energy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosynthesis produces carbohydrates and releases carbon dioxide.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stomata remain wide open during the night as photosynthesis occurs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The optimal temperature range for photosynthesis is between 10° to 25°C.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosynthesis requires the availability of carbon dioxide to occur.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Macronutrients are required in lower quantities compared to micronutrients.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inorganic mineral ions play no role in the process of photosynthesis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chlorophyll is necessary for plants to produce food during photosynthesis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosynthesis contributes to maintaining a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosynthesis only occurs during the daytime.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The products of photosynthesis include fibers, gum, and medicines.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water availability has no impact on the rate of photosynthesis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the significance of starch presence in the leaves concerning photosynthesis.

    <p>The presence of starch in leaves indicates the successful synthesis of carbohydrates during photosynthesis, confirming that the plant has converted sunlight energy into chemical energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do chloroplasts and chlorophyll work together in the photosynthesis process?

    <p>Chloroplasts house chlorophyll, which captures light energy, enabling the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose during photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discuss the role of light in photosynthesis.

    <p>Light provides the energy required to drive the photosynthesis reactions, facilitating the transformation of raw materials into carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the stomata in leaves during photosynthesis?

    <p>Stomata control the intake of carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis and the release of oxygen produced as a byproduct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the process by which guard cells assist in photosynthesis.

    <p>Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata, thus controlling the entry of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen, which are crucial for photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Illustrate the overall equation for photosynthesis and its components.

    <p>The overall equation is $6CO_2 + 6H_2O + light ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$. It shows that carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of light, produce glucose and oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What raw materials are essential for the photosynthesis process in plants?

    <p>Essential raw materials for photosynthesis include carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll, and light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discuss the importance of photosynthesis for life on Earth.

    <p>Photosynthesis is vital for producing oxygen and organic compounds, serving as the foundation of food chains and supporting most life forms on Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between stomatal opening and the process of photosynthesis?

    <p>Stomata open during the day to allow the exchange of gases for photosynthesis and close at night when photosynthesis does not occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis?

    <p>Photosynthesis increases with higher light intensity up to a certain level, beyond which it plateaus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

    <p>Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis as it captures light energy needed to synthesize food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the effect of temperature on photosynthesis.

    <p>Photosynthesis increases with temperature up to a range of 20° to 35°C, after which it may decline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to photosynthesis in conditions of low water availability?

    <p>Less water availability leads to the closure of stomata, thereby reducing the rate of photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the role of inorganic mineral ions in photosynthesis.

    <p>Inorganic mineral ions are essential for various functions in photosynthesis and are absorbed through the soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two reasons why photosynthesis is crucial for life on Earth.

    <p>Photosynthesis provides food for all organisms and produces oxygen necessary for respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do plants contribute to maintaining atmospheric balance?

    <p>Through photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, maintaining the atmospheric balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify two factors influencing the rate of photosynthesis and briefly explain their impact.

    <p>Light intensity and carbon dioxide availability directly influence the rate of photosynthesis, enhancing it when increased.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the consequences of stomata being closed during the daytime?

    <p>If stomata are closed during the day, photosynthesis will decrease due to limited gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Photosynthesis

    • Green plants are known as autotrophs, meaning they can produce their own food through photosynthesis.
    • Photosynthesis, the process of preparing food using light, occurs primarily in leaves and sometimes green stems.
    • Chlorophyll, a green pigment found in chloroplasts, is essential for capturing sunlight energy.
    • Leaves possess stomata, small pores on the surface that allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf.
    • Stomata are controlled by guard cells, which open during the day for photosynthesis and close at night.
    • The process of photosynthesis can be summarized as:
      • Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light energy → Carbohydrates + Oxygen + Water

    Raw Materials for Photosynthesis

    • Carbon dioxide is absorbed through stomata.
    • Water is absorbed from the soil through the root system.
    • Sunlight energy is captured by chlorophyll.

    Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

    • Light intensity: Increased light intensity directly increases photosynthesis up to a certain point.
    • Carbon dioxide concentration: Higher carbon dioxide concentration boosts photosynthesis.
    • Temperature: Optimal temperatures for photosynthesis range from 20°C to 35°C.
    • Water availability: Water shortage can reduce photosynthesis due to stomatal closure.
    • Chlorophyll: Photosynthesis cannot occur without chlorophyll as it's crucial for light absorption.
    • Inorganic mineral ions: These are essential for plant growth and play a role in photosynthesis.

    Importance of Photosynthesis

    • Food Production: Green plants provide the basis of the food chain, producing sugars for all organisms.
    • Oxygen Production: Photosynthesis releases oxygen, essential for respiration in all living organisms.
    • Atmospheric Balance: Plants maintain a balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
    • Fossil Fuels: Fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, represent stored solar energy from ancient photosynthesis.
    • Plant Products: Various plant products, like fibers, gums, and medicines, are derived from photosynthetic processes.

    Macronutrients and Micronutrients

    • Macronutrients: These are required in larger quantities by plants, including carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron.
    • Micronutrients (Trace nutrients): These are needed in smaller amounts and include copper, zinc, boron, manganese, and molybdenum.

    Photosynthesis

    • Photosynthesis is a process by which green plants prepare their own food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
    • Green plants are called autotrophs because they produce their own food.
    • Photosynthesis occurs mainly in leaves, and sometimes in green stems.
    • Chlorophyll, a green pigment found in chloroplasts, traps light energy for photosynthesis.

    The Role of a Leaf in Photosynthesis

    • Leaves have stomata, tiny pores on the surface, that allow carbon dioxide to enter.
    • Chlorophyll-containing cells in leaves are essential for capturing sunlight.

    Raw Materials for Photosynthesis

    • Carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere through stomata.
    • Water is absorbed from the soil through roots.
    • Chlorophyll, present in the leaf, is essential for capturing light energy.
    • Light energy is provided by the sun.

    Products of Photosynthesis

    • During photosynthesis, sugars are synthesized as food and oxygen is released as a byproduct.
    • The presence of starch, a complex carbohydrate, in leaves is evidence of photosynthesis.
    • The summary equation for photosynthesis is: Carbon dioxide + Water light → Carbohydrates + Oxygen + Water chlorophyll (Sugars)

    Stomata

    • Stomata are small openings found on the surface of leaves, primarily on the lower surface.
    • They help regulate the rate of transpiration (water loss).
    • Stomata consist of an opening surrounded by two kidney-shaped guard cells.
    • Guard cells contain Chloroplasts and carry out photosynthesis.
    • The entire structure, including the opening, guard cells, and surrounding cells, is called the stomatal apparatus.

    Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

    • Light Intensity: Photosynthesis increases with increasing light intensity up to a certain point.
    • Carbon Dioxide Availability: Photosynthesis rate increases with higher carbon dioxide concentrations.
    • Temperature: Photosynthesis increases with temperature up to a certain range, typically between 20°C to 35°C.
    • Water Availability: Reduced water availability leads to the closure of stomata, decreasing photosynthesis.
    • Chlorophyll: Photosynthesis requires chlorophyll; without it, photosynthesis cannot occur.
    • Inorganic Mineral Ions:
      • Macronutrients (required in larger amounts): carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, iron, and magnesium.
      • Micronutrients (required in smaller amounts): copper, zinc, boron, manganese, and molybdenum.

    Significance of Photosynthesis

    • Provides Food: Green plants are the primary producers of food, sustaining all other life forms directly or indirectly.
    • Oxygen Production: Photosynthesis releases oxygen, essential for respiration in all living organisms.
    • Atmospheric Balance: Plants maintain the balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
    • Fossil Fuels: The energy stored in fossil fuels originated from solar energy captured during photosynthesis.
    • Other Products: Plants provide various products, such as fibers, gum, medicines, turpentine, tannin, etc., all derived from photosynthesis.

    Photosynthesis

    • Green plants are called autotrophs because they make their own food through photosynthesis.
    • Photosynthesis is the process of making food using light, carbon dioxide, and water.
    • The process primarily takes place in leaves, but can also occur in green stems.
    • Chlorophyll, a green pigment in chloroplasts, traps light energy for photosynthesis.
    • Stomata, small pores on leaves, primarily on the lower surface, allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf.
    • Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis.
    • The products of photosynthesis are sugars and oxygen.
    • Starch, a complex carbohydrate, is evidence of photosynthesis in leaves.
    • The equation for photosynthesis is: Carbon dioxide + Water + Light energy → Carbohydrates + Oxygen + Water (in the presence of chlorophyll)

    Stomata

    • Stomata are tiny openings on the leaf surface that regulate the rate of transpiration.
    • Each stomata consists of a stomatal opening surrounded by two kidney-shaped guard cells.
    • Guard cells contain chloroplasts and carry out photosynthesis.
    • Guard cells are surrounded by subsidiary cells.
    • The entire structure, including the opening, guard cells, and subsidiary cells, is called the stomatal apparatus.
    • Stomata allow for the exchange of gases (carbon dioxide and oxygen).
    • They are wide open during the day for photosynthesis and closed at night.

    Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

    • Light intensity: Increased light intensity boosts photosynthesis up to a certain point.
    • Carbon dioxide availability: Photosynthesis increases with higher concentrations of carbon dioxide.
    • Temperature: The rate of photosynthesis increases with rising temperatures, but only within a specific range (generally 20° to 35°C).
    • Water availability: Insufficient water can reduce photosynthesis as it causes stomata to close.
    • Chlorophyll: Photosynthesis requires chlorophyll; it cannot occur without it.
    • Inorganic mineral ions: Plants require various minerals, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, iron, and magnesium, which are absorbed from soil water through the root system. Each mineral plays a role in photosynthesis.

    Significance of Photosynthesis

    • Photosynthesis is the primary source of food, directly or indirectly, for all living things.
    • It releases oxygen, essential for respiration in all living organisms.
    • Plants play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through photosynthesis.
    • The energy stored in fossil fuels is ultimately derived from solar energy captured during photosynthesis.
    • Photosynthesis is responsible for the entire plant body and numerous other products, including fibers, gums, medicines, turpentine, tannin, etc.

    Photosynthesis

    • Green plants produce their own food through photosynthesis, making them autotrophs.
    • Photosynthesis is the process of preparing food using light, carbon dioxide, and water.
    • The process primarily occurs in leaves, and sometimes in green stems.
    • Chlorophyll, a green pigment in chloroplasts, is essential for capturing light energy.

    Leaf Structure and Photosynthesis

    • Leaves contain stomata, small pores on the lower surface, which allow carbon dioxide to enter.
    • Chlorophyll-containing cells, present in the leaf, trap light energy.

    Raw Materials for Photosynthesis

    • Carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere through stomata.
    • Water is absorbed from the soil through the root system.
    • Chlorophyll is present in the leaf, absorbing light energy.
    • Sunlight provides the energy for the process.

    Products of Photosynthesis

    • Sugars are synthesized as food.
    • Oxygen is released as a byproduct.
    • Starch, a complex carbohydrate, is found in leaves as evidence of photosynthesis.

    Photosynthesis Summary:

    • Carbon dioxide + Water + Light → Carbohydrates + Oxygen + Water (chlorophyll)

    Stomata

    • Stomata are tiny openings on the leaf surface, primarily located on the lower surface.
    • They help regulate water loss (transpiration).
    • Each stoma is surrounded by two guard cells that regulate its opening and closing.
    • Guard cells contain chloroplasts and perform photosynthesis.
    • Auxiliary cells surround the guard cells.
    • The entire structure is called the stomatal apparatus.

    Role of Stomata:

    • Exchange of gases (carbon dioxide and oxygen) occurs through stomata.
    • Stomata open during the day for photosynthesis and close at night.

    Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

    • Light Intensity: Photosynthesis increases with light intensity up to a certain point.
    • Carbon Dioxide Availability: Photosynthesis increases with carbon dioxide concentration.
    • Temperature: The rate of photosynthesis increases with temperature, up to an optimal range of approximately 20° to 35°C.
    • Water Availability: Limited water reduces photosynthesis due to stomatal closure.
    • Chlorophyll: Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis.
    • Inorganic Mineral Ions: These are obtained from soil water and taken up through the roots.

    Inorganic Mineral Ions

    • Macronutrients: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, iron, and magnesium.
    • Micronutrients: Copper, zinc, boron, manganese, and molybdenum.

    Significance of Photosynthesis

    • Provides food (sugars) for all life forms directly or indirectly.
    • Releases oxygen, vital for respiration in all living organisms.
    • Maintains atmospheric balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
    • Provides fossil fuels, which store solar energy captured during photosynthesis.
    • Produces a variety of plant products, including fibers, gum, medicines, turpentine, tannins, etc.

    Photosynthesis

    • Green plants are known as autotrophs, meaning they produce their own food.
    • The process of photosynthesis is the synthesis of food by green plants in the presence of light using carbon dioxide and water.
    • Photosynthesis primarily takes place in leaves and, in some cases, stems that are green.
    • Chlorophyll, a green pigment found in chloroplasts, is essential for photosynthesis.
    • Stomata, small pores on the leaf surface, allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf.

    Raw Materials for Photosynthesis

    • Carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere through stomata.
    • Water is absorbed from the soil through the root system.
    • Chlorophyll is present in the leaf.
    • Light energy from the sun is required.

    Products of Photosynthesis

    • During photosynthesis, sugars are synthesized as food.
    • Oxygen is released as a byproduct.
    • Starch is a complex carbohydrate found in leaves and serves as evidence of photosynthesis.

    Photosynthesis Summary

    • The overall chemical equation for photosynthesis is:
      • Carbon dioxide + Water + Light energy → Carbohydrates + Oxygen + Water
      • Chlorophyll is needed as a catalyst.

    Stomata

    • Stomata are minute openings on the surface of leaves, typically abundant on the lower side.
    • They control the rate of transpiration.
    • Each stoma consists of an opening surrounded by two kidney-shaped cells called guard cells.
    • Guard cells contain chloroplasts and carry out photosynthesis.
    • Subsidiary cells surround guard cells.
    • The entire structure — opening, guard cells, and subsidiary cells — is called the stomatal apparatus.

    Role of Stomata

    • Stomata facilitate the exchange of gases, including carbon dioxide intake and oxygen release.
    • They open during the day when photosynthesis is occurring and close at night when it stops.

    Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

    • Light intensity: Photosynthesis increases with higher light intensity up to a certain point.
    • Carbon dioxide availability: Photosynthesis increases with higher carbon dioxide concentration.
    • Temperature: Photosynthesis increases with temperature up to an optimal range, usually between 20°C to 35°C.
    • Water availability: Reduced water availability can decrease photosynthesis as stomata close.
    • Chlorophyll: The pigment chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis.
    • Inorganic mineral ions: Plants require various inorganic ions for optimal photosynthesis.
      • Macronutrients: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, iron, and magnesium.
      • Micronutrients: Copper, zinc, boron, manganese, and molybdenum.

    Significance of Photosynthesis

    • Food Production: Photosynthesis provides food for all life forms, directly or indirectly.
    • Oxygen Release: Photosynthesis releases oxygen, essential for respiration in all living organisms.
    • Atmospheric Balance: Plants help maintain a balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
    • Fossil Fuel Production: Fossil fuels are derived from solar energy stored during photosynthesis.
    • Other Products: Plants produce various substances like fibers, gum, medicines, and turpentine, all derived from photosynthesis.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating process of photosynthesis, where green plants convert light energy into food. Understand the roles of chlorophyll, stomata, and the essential raw materials involved in this crucial process. Discover how various factors, like light intensity, influence the rate of photosynthesis.

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