Photosynthesis Process and Components Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Where does photosynthesis take place in eukaryotic cells?

  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Chloroplast (correct)
  • What is the main function of thylakoids in chloroplasts?

  • Synthesizing proteins
  • Facilitating light-dependent reactions (correct)
  • Storing genetic material
  • Producing sugars
  • What is the role of ATP synthase in the process of photosynthesis?

  • Transporting protons into the thylakoid
  • Breaking down ATP
  • Converting ADP to ATP using energy from the proton gradient (correct)
  • Creating ATP using sunlight
  • What is the primary source of electrons for photosystem 2 in light-dependent reactions?

    <p>Water splitting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of photosystem 1 in light-dependent reactions?

    <p>Forming NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the Calvin cycle take place within the chloroplast?

    <p>Stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main energy currency of all cells?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cellular compartment does glycolysis occur?

    <p>Cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are electrons passed along to provide the energy needed for active transport?

    <p>Inner mitochondrial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the electron transport chain if oxygen is not present?

    <p>It shuts down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the Krebs cycle take place within eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final product of glycolysis?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the majority of ATP production take place during cellular respiration?

    <p>Oxidative phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration?

    <p>Generation of NADH and FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular compartment does the electron transport chain take place in?

    <p>Inner mitochondrial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to ATP production if oxygen is not present during cellular respiration?

    <p>It stops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Photosynthesis is a process that captures sunlight to produce sugars in both prokaryotes (e.g. cyanobacteria) and eukaryotic autotrophs.
    • Chloroplast: A double membrane organelle in eukaryotic cells where photosynthesis takes place. Compartmentalized into thylakoids (grana and stroma).
    • Thylakoids: Flattened, membrane-bound organelles in the chloroplast, stacked into structures called grana, and have a fluid region (stroma) outside.
    • Light-dependent reactions: Occur in the thylakoid membrane and involve a series of proteins, including photosystems 2 and 1, and water splitting.
    • Water splitting results in protons, electrons, and oxygen gas. Electrons enter photosystem 2, pumping protons out, creating a proton gradient and electrochemical gradient.
    • ATP synthase: A membrane enzyme that creates ATP by joining inorganic phosphate with ADP (adenosine diphosphate) using the energy from the proton gradient, a process called chemiosmosis.
    • Calvin cycle: Occurs in the stroma and converts CO2 into organic carbohydrates using ATP and NADPH (reduced form of NADP+).
    • Electrons from photosystem 1 enter NADP, forming NADPH, which powers the reactions of the Calvin cycle, and ATP powers metabolic processes by releasing energy when converting back to ADP.
    • Light energy absorbed by chlorophyll in photosystems is used to excite electrons, power the proton pump, and produce ATP through photophosphorylation.
    • NADPH and ATP produced in the light-dependent reactions are used in the Calvin cycle.
    • Calvin cycle: A complex series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that converts CO2 into organic carbohydrates, powered by NADPH and ATP.
    • ATP synthase: A membrane enzyme that synthesizes ATP through chemiosmosis using the energy from the proton gradient.
    • ATP: Energy-rich molecule formed from ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate through phosphorylation.
    • Light is the initial energy source for both the creation of ATP and NADPH during the light-dependent reactions.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the process and components involved in photosynthesis, including chloroplast, thylakoids, light-dependent reactions, ATP synthase, and the Calvin cycle. Explore the role of sunlight in the creation of ATP and NADPH, and the conversion of CO2 into organic carbohydrates.

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