Photosynthesis Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary source of energy that drives the process of photosynthesis?

  • Carbon dioxide
  • Glucose
  • Sunlight (correct)
  • Water

Which molecule is split during the light reactions of photosynthesis to replenish electrons in photosystem II?

  • Glucose
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water (correct)
  • Oxygen

During photosynthesis, which gas enters a leaf on a sunny day?

  • Nitrogen
  • Hydrogen
  • Carbon dioxide (correct)
  • Oxygen

What is produced as a byproduct of the splitting of water molecules during photosynthesis?

<p>Oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is NOT required for photosynthesis?

<p>Oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first molecule that stores energy from the Sun in ecosystems during photosynthesis?

<p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the chloroplast does the steepest pH gradient occur?

<p>Thylakoid space (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process converts light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis?

<p>Light reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Calvin cycle in plants?

<p>To convert carbon dioxide into glucose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does cellular respiration occur in the cell?

<p>In the mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main byproducts of cellular respiration?

<p>Carbon dioxide and water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does ATP serve in cellular processes?

<p>It carries energy within the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is energy produced from glucose during cellular respiration?

<p>By breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process primarily generates ATP through oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>Cellular respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during gas exchange in the lungs?

<p>Alveolar air is exchanged with the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do mitochondria produce as a crucial energy-rich molecule?

<p>ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced when pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA?

<p>One carbon is lost as carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does glycolysis occur in eukaryotic cells?

<p>In the cytoplasm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Calvin cycle occur within a plant cell?

<p>Stroma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are generated during glycolysis?

<p>Two ATP molecules per glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary products of the light reactions in photosynthesis?

<p>ATP, NADPH, and oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does ATP play in cells?

<p>It supplies energy for various cellular functions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon occurs when a pigment molecule absorbs a photon?

<p>Excitation of electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is responsible for the dough rising in bread making?

<p>Fermentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about chlorophyll is true?

<p>Chlorophyll absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ATP and NADPH in the Calvin cycle?

<p>They provide energy and reducing power to synthesize glucose. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main site of ATP synthesis during cellular respiration?

<p>In the mitochondria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the rate of photosynthesis be inferred using a small water plant?

<p>By counting the number of oxygen bubbles released. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of carbon atoms in a glucose molecule?

<p>Six carbon atoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about ATP recycling is correct?

<p>The body recycles an amount of ATP equal to its body weight each day (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of nutrition is demonstrated by an apple tree making its own food?

<p>Autotrophic nutrition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is NOT a direct product of photosynthesis?

<p>Carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Light in Photosynthesis

The primary source of energy that drives photosynthesis, providing the boost to electrons.

Photosystem

A cluster of pigment molecules, including chlorophyll a, that absorbs light energy.

Water Splitting in Photosynthesis

The breakdown of water molecules during the light reactions of photosynthesis, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

Carbon Dioxide in Photosynthesis

The main ingredient that plants use for photosynthesis, along with light and water.

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Glucose in Photosynthesis

The simple sugar produced during photosynthesis, serving as a universal energy source for life.

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ATP in Cellular Respiration

The molecule that stores energy from the sun, driving various cellular processes.

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Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in sugar molecules.

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Energy Transfer in Ecosystems

Sunlight is the original energy source for all organisms, transferred to sugar molecules through photosynthesis.

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Glycolysis

The breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, generating ATP and NADH.

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Pyruvate oxidation

The process of converting pyruvate to acetyl CoA, releasing carbon dioxide and producing NADH.

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ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

A high-energy molecule formed during cellular respiration, used for various cellular functions.

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Mitochondria

The main site of ATP production in eukaryotic cells, through the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

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Citric Acid Cycle

A series of chemical reactions in the mitochondria that oxidizes acetyl CoA, generating ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

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Fermentation

The process by which yeast consumes sugar and produces carbon dioxide and ethanol, causing dough to rise.

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Oxidative Phosphorylation

The final stage of cellular respiration, where electrons from NADH and FADH2 are used to generate a large amount of ATP.

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Catabolic Pathways

The process of breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

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Chlorophyll

Green pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

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Light Reactions

The first stage of photosynthesis where light energy is captured and converted into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH).

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Calvin Cycle

The second stage of photosynthesis where carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using the energy from the light reactions.

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Cellular Respiration

The process by which organisms obtain energy from food, releasing carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.

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Oxygen Release

A byproduct of photosynthesis that is released into the atmosphere.

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Autotrophic Nutrition

The ability of organisms to make their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.

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Autotrophs

Organisms that can produce their own food through photosynthesis.

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Gas Exchange

The process of exchanging gases between the alveoli in the lungs and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries.

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Ventilation

The flow of air into and out of the alveoli.

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Perfusion

The flow of blood to the alveolar capillaries.

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Study Notes

Photosynthesis

  • Photosynthesis uses light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen.
  • Photosystems are clusters of pigment molecules surrounding chlorophyll a.
  • Oxygen produced during photosynthesis comes from water molecules being split.
  • Carbon dioxide is an inorganic molecule required for photosynthesis.
  • Glucose is the initial storage form of solar energy for most ecosystems.
  • The chloroplast's stroma and thylakoid space have the steepest pH gradient.
  • Cellular respiration produces ATP.
  • The rate of photosynthesis is affected by variations in light.
  • In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is absorbed, and oxygen is released.
  • Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, whereas cellular respiration takes place in mitochondria.
  • Light-dependent reactions produce ATP and NADPH, happening in thylakoid membranes.
  • The Calvin cycle happens in the stroma, using ATP and NADPH to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.
  • Chlorophyll absorbs light energy exciting electrons, which then produce ATP and NADPH.
  • Plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food (photosynthesis).
  • The products of the light reactions are ATP, NADPH, and O2.

Cellular Respiration

  • Cellular respiration is a process that breaks down glucose in the presence of oxygen, releasing ATP.
  • ATP is the main energy currency of the cell.
  • Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria.
  • Cellular respiration produces ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.
  • Mitochondria are called the powerhouses of the cell.
  • Gas exchange takes place in the lungs, where alveolar air is exchanged with blood in the pulmonary capillaries.
  • The Citric Acid Cycle releases two carbon dioxide molecules in each cycle.
  • Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl CoA, producing carbon dioxide.
  • Glycolysis breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules in the cytosol.
  • ATP and NADH are produced during glycolysis.
  • NAD+ is reduced to NADH during cellular respiration (an important process).

Fermentation

  • Fermentation is a process yeast use to make bread dough rise.
  • During fermentation, yeast consume sugar and produce carbon dioxide and ethanol.
  • The warmth of the dough accelerates the fermentation process.
  • Reduction is an important process, such as NAD+ being reduced to NADH.
  • The reaction C6H12O6 is oxidized, and O2 is reduced in aerobic respiration .

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of photosynthesis, including the light-dependent reactions, the Calvin cycle, and the roles of chloroplasts and chlorophyll. Test your understanding of how plants convert light energy into chemical energy and the importance of oxygen and glucose in ecosystems.

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