Photosynthesis: Light Reactions Overview

<p>It becomes positively charged (P680+) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen and hydrogen ions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemiosmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It returns to the light reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They generate ATP and NADPH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of electrons to the primary electron acceptor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NADP+ reductase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ferredoxin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrons are transferred to the cytochrome complex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They store energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP and NADPH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thylakoids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides the energy needed for electron transfer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is split, producing oxygen as a byproduct. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides food and oxygen for living organisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NADP+ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate (G3P) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>9 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sucrose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It combines to form sucrose. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rubisco (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stroma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Six (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Used to regenerate RuBP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon dioxide (CO2) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides food and energy for plants and indirectly for herbivores and carnivores. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first stage of photosynthesis, using sunlight to initiate an electron transfer chain, converting light energy into chemical energy. This results in the production of NADPH and ATP.

Light energy converts the electron carrier NADP+ into NADPH, storing energy in the form of electrons.

Light reactions create ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through a process called phosphorylation, a crucial energy-carrying molecule.

The process in light reactions where water molecules are split, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

Membranous sacs within chloroplasts where light reactions take place.

Photosynthesis is essential for life because it's how plants make their food and produces oxygen, which supports other life forms.

Photosynthesis occurs in two stages: light reactions and the Calvin cycle.

Sunlight is the primary energy source driving light reactions, initiating the entire process of converting light energy into chemical energy.

The second stage of photosynthesis that uses ATP and hydrogen to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

The first stage of photosynthesis that captures light energy to produce ATP and hydrogen.

A protein complex in the thylakoid membrane that absorbs light energy and splits water to release oxygen.

A series of proteins in the thylakoid membrane that transfer electrons from Photosystem II to Photosystem I, generating ATP.

A protein that uses the proton gradient to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

A chlorophyll molecule in Photosystem II that initiates the light-dependent reactions by absorbing light energy.

The process of generating ATP using the proton gradient across the membrane.

A sugar (C6H12O6) produced in the Calvin Cycle as a result of combining carbon dioxide with hydrogen. Energy source for cells.

A process in the Calvin Cycle where five molecules of G3P are converted into three molecules of RuBP, requiring ATP and another set of RuBP to continue the cycle.

The G3P produced in the Calvin Cycle can be used to form various molecules, including glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch, lipids, and proteins.

A three-carbon sugar produced in the Calvin Cycle, which can be used to make glucose and other important molecules.

The Calvin Cycle needs to complete three cycles to produce one molecule of G3P from three molecules of CO2.

The sugar produced directly in the Calvin Cycle is not glucose, but a three-carbon sugar called G3P.

To create glucose (a sugar) from carbon dioxide using the energy stored in ATP and NADPH, providing food for the plant or algae.

The process in the Calvin Cycle where carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is incorporated into an organic molecule, specifically RuBP, initiating sugar production.

It occurs in the stroma, the fluid-filled region inside chloroplasts.

Ribulose bisphosphate, a 5-carbon sugar that serves as the primary carbon acceptor in the Calvin Cycle.

ATP provides the energy required for the reactions of the Calvin Cycle, while NADPH provides reducing power (electrons) to convert carbon dioxide into sugar.

An enzyme that helps attach CO2 to RuBP, the first step in the Calvin Cycle.

A five-carbon sugar molecule that binds with CO2 in the first stage of the Calvin Cycle.

Glucose (C6H12O6), a simple sugar that serves as the building block for more complex carbohydrates and other vital organic molecules.

The final step in the Calvin Cycle where RuBP, the carbon acceptor, is regenerated to continue the cycle.

A three-carbon molecule formed after CO2 is attached to RuBP.

A three-carbon sugar molecule that is produced in the Calvin Cycle and can be used to make glucose.

The Calvin Cycle is directly dependent on the energy produced by the light reactions. ATP and NADPH, products of the light reactions, provide the energy and electrons needed for the Calvin Cycle to function.

The Calvin Cycle is divided into three main phases: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration.

The Calvin Cycle is the foundation of food webs, providing energy and food for all organisms, directly or indirectly.