Questions and Answers
What is a granum?
Structure in chloroplast where sunlight energy is captured, composed of thylakoids.
What are lamellae?
Structures that connect together grana.
What is stroma?
Gel-like substance that surrounds lamellae.
What is a thylakoid?
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What is photosynthesis?
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What is glucose?
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What is the Calvin Cycle?
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What is chlorophyll?
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What are light reactions?
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What are dark reactions?
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What is carbon fixation?
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What is an autotroph?
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What is a chloroplast?
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What is ATP?
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What is sunlight?
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Study Notes
Granum
- Composed of stacked thylakoids, serves as the site for capturing sunlight energy in chloroplasts.
- Plays a critical role in the light reactions of photosynthesis.
Lamellae
- Structures that connect grana, acting as bridges between them for efficient energy transfer.
Stroma
- Gel-like substance surrounding the thylakoids in chloroplasts.
- This region facilitates the enzymatic reactions necessary for the dark reactions of photosynthesis.
Thylakoid
- Disc-shaped sacs within the inner membrane of chloroplasts.
- Essential for converting light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis
- Process by which plants harness the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars.
- Fundamental for plant growth and energy production.
Glucose
- Chemical formula: C6H12O6.
- Serves as a primary quick source of energy for plants and many organisms.
Calvin Cycle
- A biochemical pathway where carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using energy from ATP and NADPH.
- Also known as the dark reactions, as it does not require light directly.
Chlorophyll
- The green pigment found in plants that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
- Vital for the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy.
Light Reactions
- The initial phase of photosynthesis that requires light to occur.
- Begins with the absorption of light by chloroplasts to generate energy-rich molecules.
Dark Reactions
- Reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light but depend on products from light reactions.
- Utilize ATP and NADPH to form glucose.
Carbon Fixation
- The process of incorporating carbon from carbon dioxide into organic compounds.
- An essential step for autotrophic organisms in building macromolecules.
Autotroph
- Organisms that produce their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.
- Include plants, algae, and some bacteria.
Chloroplast
- A specialized plastid that contains chlorophyll.
- The principal site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
- A key energy carrier in all living cells, powers various cellular processes, including active transport.
- Can induce conformational changes in transport proteins to facilitate solute movement.
Sunlight
- The primary energy source for the photosynthetic process.
- Essential for driving the overall mechanism of photosynthesis in plants.
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Explore key terms related to photosynthesis through these flashcards. Each card covers an important structure within chloroplasts, enhancing your understanding of how plants capture sunlight. Perfect for students studying biology.