Photosynthesis and Metabolism

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Questions and Answers

In what part of the chloroplast do light-dependent reactions take place?

  • Stroma
  • Inner membrane
  • Outer membrane
  • Thylakoid membrane (correct)

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between catabolism and anabolism?

  • Catabolism and anabolism both synthesize complex molecules, but use different energy sources.
  • Catabolism breaks down complex molecules to release energy, while anabolism uses energy to synthesize complex molecules. (correct)
  • Catabolism uses energy to synthesize complex molecules, while anabolism breaks down complex molecules to release energy.
  • Catabolism and anabolism both break down complex molecules, but differ in their byproducts.

During photosynthesis, what is the primary role of NADPH?

  • Generating ATP.
  • Breaking down water molecules.
  • Absorbing light energy.
  • Building glucose. (correct)

What is the main function of the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration?

<p>Generating NADH and FADH2 for the electron transport chain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes does NOT directly produce ATP?

<p>Calvin Cycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does glycolysis take place?

<p>Cytoplasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Photosystem II in photosynthesis?

<p>To split water molecules (photolysis). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direct role of NADH and FADH2 in oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>To donate electrons to the electron transport chain. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of fermentation?

<p>To perpetuate glycolysis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>Electron Transport Chain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Anabolism

Metabolic pathways that create complex molecules from simpler compounds.

Catabolism

Metabolic pathways that release chemical energy by breaking down molecules.

NADPH

Energy carrier used during photosynthesis to build glucose.

NADH and FADH2

Energy carriers used during cellular respiration to build ATP.

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Photosynthesis

Takes place inside chloroplasts.

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Chloroplasts

Contain thylakoids and complex proteins needed for photosynthesis.

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Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)

Convert carbon to glucose.

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Glycolysis

Breaks down glucose into pyruvate, doesn't require oxygen, occurs in cytoplasm, yields least amount of ATP.

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Krebs Cycle

Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and generates ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

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Oxidative Phosphorylation

Final stage of cellular respiration where ATP is largely produced.

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Study Notes

  • Anabolism involves metabolic pathways to create complex molecules from simpler compounds.
  • Catabolism involves metabolic pathways that release chemical energy by breaking down molecules.
  • NADPH is an energy carrier used during photosynthesis to construct glucose.
  • NADH and FADH are energy carriers used during cellular respiration to build ATP.
  • Photosynthesis takes place inside chloroplasts.
  • Chloroplasts contain an extensive network of structures called thylakoids.
  • Thylakoids house complex proteins which are needed for photosynthesis.
  • Chlorophyll, found in the membranes of thylakoids, specializes in absorbing light energy.
  • Light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) are a series of reactions that convert carbon to glucose.
  • Light-dependent reactions involve chlorophyll molecules absorbing energy form the sun.
  • The light energy breaks the bonds of water molecules.
  • Complex chemical events, which depend on proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane, produce proteins:
    • Photosystem II splits water molecules (photolysis) to generate electrons, protons, and oxygen.
    • Photosystem II receives electrons from the electron transport chain
    • ATP synthase and additional proteins together make up the electron transport chain.
  • Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, which doesn't require oxygen, occurs in the cytoplasm, and yields the least amount of ATP.
  • The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
  • The Krebs cycle breaks down acetyl-CoA to generate ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
  • ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are used in the electron transport chain to produce even more ATP.
  • Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of cellular respiration.
  • During oxidative phosphorylation, ATP is produced using energy from NADH and FADH2.
  • Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane and consists of two main components:
    • Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
    • Chemiosmosis & ATP Synthase
  • Fermentation begins with glycolysis and extracts energy from organic molecules.
  • Fermentation's sole role is to perpetuate glycolysis.

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