Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of using fertilisers in crop production?
To increase soil fertility
What is the process called when different crops are grown in a field in a specific sequence?
Crop rotation
What is the function of a polythene tunnel?
To act as a greenhouse
What is the byproduct of photosynthesis tested for in the laboratory?
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What is a limiting factor in photosynthesis?
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What is the main site of photosynthesis in a plant leaf?
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What is the function of guard cells?
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What is the reactant in photosynthesis that is essential for forming glucose?
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What happens to the stomata at night?
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What is the role of light intensity in photosynthesis?
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Why does the rate of photosynthesis slow down at high temperatures?
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What is the function of hydrogencarbonate indicator?
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What happens to a plant cell when it is in a concentrated solution?
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What is the function of Chlorophyll in a plant cell?
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What is the component of plant cell walls?
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What happens to a plant cell when it becomes flaccid?
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What is the purpose of using Dobell's iodine solution?
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Study Notes
Crop Production and Photosynthesis
- Polythene tunnels are a type of greenhouse with walls made out of plastic.
- Fertilisers are added to the soil to increase fertility, providing essential mineral ions such as Magnesium, Nitrates, Potassium, and Phosphates.
- Crop rotation involves growing a different crop each season in a particular field to maintain soil fertility.
Photosynthesis
- The word equation for photosynthesis is: Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen
- Carbon dioxide, light, and temperature are limiting factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis.
- Photosynthesis occurs in the palisade cell and spongy mesophyll cell of the leaf.
Leaf Structure
- Palisade cells are found just below the epidermis at the top of the leaf and contain hundreds of chloroplasts, making them the main site of photosynthesis.
- Spongy mesophyll cells have air spaces between them, allowing for easy diffusion of gases.
- Vascular bundles are found in the young stem, grouping together xylem and phloem.
Stomata and Guard Cells
- Stomata are surrounded by guard cells, which become flaccid or turgid to open or close the stomata.
- At night, the stomata close to prevent water loss since photosynthesis is not occurring.
Limiting Factors
- Carbon dioxide is a reactant in photosynthesis, and a low concentration will slow down the rate of photosynthesis.
- Temperature affects the rate of photosynthesis, with enzymes denaturing at high temperatures (40-50°C).
- Light intensity provides energy for photosynthesis, with low light intensity limiting the rate of photosynthesis.
Testing for Starch
- Iodine solution is used to test for starch, turning from orange-brown to blue-black in the presence of starch.
- Elodea is an aquatic plant that can be used to demonstrate the rate of photosynthesis by counting the bubbles of oxygen produced.
Cell Components
- Chlorophyll is a photosynthetic pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
- Cellulose is a component of plant cell walls.
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