Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?

  • Oxygen produces glucose from carbon dioxide.
  • Oxygen creates the proton gradient across the membrane.
  • Oxygen accepts electrons and forms water. (correct)
  • Oxygen is produced during the Krebs cycle.

    • Which of the following best describes the Calvin Cycle?

  • It synthesizes glucose using ATP and NADPH. (correct)
  • It absorbs oxygen to produce carbon dioxide.
  • It breaks down glucose to release energy.
  • It converts light energy into chemical energy.

    • How many molecules of carbon dioxide are required to produce one glucose molecule in photosynthesis?

  • 3 molecules
  • 6 molecules (correct)
  • 2 molecules
  • 12 molecules

    • What type of reaction is photosynthesis categorized as?

    <p>Anabolic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the reactants necessary for the Calvin Cycle?

    <p>Carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main products of glycolysis?

    <p>2 Pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs in the mitochondrial matrix?

    <p>Krebs Cycle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the electron transport chain?

    <p>Generate ATP using NADH and FADH2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the reactants needed for photosynthesis?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide and Water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules are generated during the Krebs cycle?

    <p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes autotrophs from heterotrophs?

    <p>Autotrophs produce their own food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy storage molecule in cells?

    <p>ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

    <p>Capture light energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    What is the purpose of the electron transport chain?

    The process of transferring electrons through a series of proteins in the mitochondria, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP production.

    What's the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

    Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen, while aerobic respiration does. Aerobic respiration produces significantly more ATP than anaerobic respiration.

    What are the products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, and where do they go?

    The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis produce ATP and NADPH, which are used in the Calvin cycle, and oxygen, which is released into the atmosphere.

    What are the reactants and products of the Calvin Cycle?

    The reactants of the Calvin Cycle are carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH. The products are glucose, ADP, and NADP+.

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    How is ATP used for energy?

    ATP is used for energy by breaking the bond between its second and third phosphate groups, releasing energy for cellular activities.

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    Glycolysis

    The process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate in the cytoplasm, producing ATP and NADH.

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    Krebs Cycle

    A series of reactions in the mitochondria that generates energy by processing pyruvate into carbon dioxide and producing NADH, FADH2, and ATP.

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    Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

    Series of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, producing ATP, water, and NAD+ and FAD.

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    Light-Dependent Reactions

    The process of converting light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

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    Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)

    The process of storing energy by converting CO2 into glucose, using ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions.

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    ATP

    A molecule found in all living cells that stores and releases energy for biological processes.

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    Metabolism

    The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in a cell, converting food into energy and building blocks for growth.

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    Catabolism

    The process of breaking down organic molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy.

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    Study Notes

    Photosynthesis

    • Equation: 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
    • Reactants: Carbon dioxide (CO₂), Water (H₂O), Light energy
    • Products: Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆), Oxygen (O₂)
    • Pigments: Chlorophyll absorbs light energy.
    • Light-dependent reaction: Converts light energy to chemical energy (ATP and NADPH), releases oxygen.
    • Reactants: Water (H₂O)
    • Products: ATP, NADPH
    • Light-independent reaction (Calvin Cycle): Uses ATP and NADPH to produce glucose from CO₂.
    • Reactants: CO₂
    • Products: Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)

    Cellular Respiration

    • Equation: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + energy (ATP)
    • Reactants: Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆), Oxygen (O₂)
    • Products: Carbon dioxide (CO₂), Water (H₂O), ATP
    • Location: Mitochondria
    • Stages:
      • Glycolysis:
        • Location: Cytoplasm
        • Reactants: Glucose, 2 ATP
        • Products: 2 Pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
      • Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle):
        • Location: Mitochondrial matrix
        • Reactants: Pyruvate
        • Products: CO₂, NADH, FADH₂, ATP, GTP
      • Electron Transport Chain (ETC) + ATP Synthase:
        • Location: Inner mitochondrial membrane
        • Reactants: NADH, FADH₂, Oxygen (O₂)
        • Products: ATP, Water (H₂O)
    • Energy Yield: Varies depending on the form of respiration and oxygen availability (aerobic or anaerobic)

    ATP

    • Structure: Adenine base, ribose sugar, phosphate groups
    • Definition: Stores and releases energy for cellular processes.
    • Energy Use: Breaking the bond between the second and third phosphate groups releases energy.

    Metabolism

    • Definition: Set of chemical reactions in a cell that convert food to energy and building blocks.
    • Catabolism: Breaking down organic molecules
    • Anabolism: Building organic molecules

    Organism Types

    • Autotrophs: Produce their own food (photosynthesis).
    • Heterotrophs: Obtain food from other organisms (cellular respiration).

    Key Differences (Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration)

    • Photosynthesis: Converts light energy into chemical energy (anabolic).
    • Cellular Respiration: Releases chemical energy from food (catabolic).
    • Reactants/Products: Opposite of each other.
    • Location: Photosynthesis in chloroplasts, Cellular Respiration in mitochondria.

    Essential Questions

    • Photosynthesis reactants/products: CO₂, H₂O (reactants), Glucose, O₂ (products)
    • ATP per stage: Glycolysis – 2 ATP, Krebs – 2 ATP, ETC – ~34 ATP
    • Glycolysis location: Cytoplasm
    • Electron transport chain purpose: Produce ATP by electron transfer & creating a proton gradient.
    • Electron acceptor: Oxygen (O₂)
    • Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration: Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, yielding more ATP; anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen.
    • Glucose carbon fate: Original 6 carbons in glucose become CO₂ during the Krebs cycle.
    • Photosynthesis start: Light energy absorption by chlorophyll.
    • Light-dependent products: ATP, NADPH, O₂ (released)
    • CO₂ for glucose production: 6 CO₂ are needed to make one glucose.
    • Glucose formula: C₆H₁₂O₆
    • Calvin Cycle reactants/products: Reactants: CO₂, ATP, NADPH. Products: Glucose, ADP, NADP+
    • ATP use: Breaking a phosphate bond releases energy for cellular work.
    • Photosynthetic organisms: Plants, algae, bacteria.
    • Cellular respiration organisms: Most organisms.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the essential processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, including their equations, reactants, products, and stages. Test your knowledge on how plants convert light energy into chemical energy and how cells utilize glucose for energy production.

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