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Which type of bacteria uses hydrogen sulfide as a reducing agent during photosynthesis?
Which type of bacteria uses hydrogen sulfide as a reducing agent during photosynthesis?
Purple non-sulfur bacteria produce sulfur as a byproduct of photosynthesis.
Purple non-sulfur bacteria produce sulfur as a byproduct of photosynthesis.
False
What are the two main phases of photosynthesis?
What are the two main phases of photosynthesis?
Light reaction and dark reaction
Chlorophyll consists of four substituted pyrrole rings with a _____ atom coordinated to the central nitrogen atoms.
Chlorophyll consists of four substituted pyrrole rings with a _____ atom coordinated to the central nitrogen atoms.
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Match the following photosynthetic pigments with their descriptions:
Match the following photosynthetic pigments with their descriptions:
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What type of bacteria cannot use carbon dioxide as their primary source of carbon?
What type of bacteria cannot use carbon dioxide as their primary source of carbon?
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The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in eukaryotes and cyanobacteria.
The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in eukaryotes and cyanobacteria.
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What distinguishes different types of filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs?
What distinguishes different types of filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs?
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Which pigment has a blue color and maximum absorption at around 620-640 nm?
Which pigment has a blue color and maximum absorption at around 620-640 nm?
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Accessory pigments absorb light effectively in the blue-green through yellow range.
Accessory pigments absorb light effectively in the blue-green through yellow range.
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What is the term given to the special chlorophyll a molecule in photosystem I?
What is the term given to the special chlorophyll a molecule in photosystem I?
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Photosystem II absorbs light at a shorter wavelength, specifically at ______ nm.
Photosystem II absorbs light at a shorter wavelength, specifically at ______ nm.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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What happens to the electron donated by P700 after it becomes excited?
What happens to the electron donated by P700 after it becomes excited?
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Cyclic photophosphorylation results in the formation of NADPH.
Cyclic photophosphorylation results in the formation of NADPH.
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Name one of the two kinds of antennas associated with photosystems in eukaryotes and cyanobacteria.
Name one of the two kinds of antennas associated with photosystems in eukaryotes and cyanobacteria.
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Which type of photosynthetic bacteria is responsible for producing oxygen?
Which type of photosynthetic bacteria is responsible for producing oxygen?
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Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria produce oxygen during photosynthesis.
Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria produce oxygen during photosynthesis.
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What process do phototrophs primarily engage in?
What process do phototrophs primarily engage in?
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Cyanobacteria are known for their blue-green color and are classified as __________ photosynthetic bacteria.
Cyanobacteria are known for their blue-green color and are classified as __________ photosynthetic bacteria.
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Match the following types of photosynthetic bacteria with their characteristics:
Match the following types of photosynthetic bacteria with their characteristics:
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Which of the following statements about cyanobacteria is true?
Which of the following statements about cyanobacteria is true?
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Photosynthesis is responsible for fulfilling the supply of oxygen on Earth.
Photosynthesis is responsible for fulfilling the supply of oxygen on Earth.
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What is the main function of photosynthesis?
What is the main function of photosynthesis?
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What is the main function of P680 in photosystem II?
What is the main function of P680 in photosystem II?
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Cyclic photophosphorylation generates both NADPH and ATP.
Cyclic photophosphorylation generates both NADPH and ATP.
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What ratio of ATP to NADPH is required for the fixation of carbon dioxide?
What ratio of ATP to NADPH is required for the fixation of carbon dioxide?
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Green and purple photosynthetic bacteria are classified as __________ because they do not produce oxygen.
Green and purple photosynthetic bacteria are classified as __________ because they do not produce oxygen.
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What pigment do green and purple bacteria possess for photosynthesis?
What pigment do green and purple bacteria possess for photosynthesis?
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Match the following photosynthetic bacteria with their characteristics:
Match the following photosynthetic bacteria with their characteristics:
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Photosystem II is present in both green and purple bacteria.
Photosystem II is present in both green and purple bacteria.
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What process do purple bacteria use to produce NADH when hydrogen gas is available?
What process do purple bacteria use to produce NADH when hydrogen gas is available?
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What do oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria produce during photosynthesis?
What do oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria produce during photosynthesis?
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All phototrophs use carbon dioxide as their carbon source.
All phototrophs use carbon dioxide as their carbon source.
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What is the role of bacteriochlorophyll in phototrophic bacteria?
What is the role of bacteriochlorophyll in phototrophic bacteria?
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Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria do not release ______ during their metabolic processes.
Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria do not release ______ during their metabolic processes.
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Match the types of phototrophic organisms with their characteristics:
Match the types of phototrophic organisms with their characteristics:
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Which of the following is an example of an endosymbiont?
Which of the following is an example of an endosymbiont?
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Filamentous Anoxygenic Phototrophs (FAPs) produce sulfur during photosynthesis.
Filamentous Anoxygenic Phototrophs (FAPs) produce sulfur during photosynthesis.
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Explain the difference between anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria.
Explain the difference between anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria.
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Which pigment is a red pigment that absorbs light at around 550 nm?
Which pigment is a red pigment that absorbs light at around 550 nm?
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Phototrophic heliobacteria can use carbon dioxide as their primary carbon source.
Phototrophic heliobacteria can use carbon dioxide as their primary carbon source.
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What is photosynthesis?
What is photosynthesis?
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In cyclic photophosphorylation, the electrons return to the oxidized ______ after traveling through the electron transport chain.
In cyclic photophosphorylation, the electrons return to the oxidized ______ after traveling through the electron transport chain.
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Which type of photosynthetic bacteria relies on carbon sources instead of carbon dioxide?
Which type of photosynthetic bacteria relies on carbon sources instead of carbon dioxide?
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The cyclic photophosphorylation process results in the production of ATP.
The cyclic photophosphorylation process results in the production of ATP.
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Name two types of photosynthetic pigments found in eukaryotes and cyanobacteria.
Name two types of photosynthetic pigments found in eukaryotes and cyanobacteria.
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Study Notes
Bacterial Photosynthesis
- Bacterial photosynthesis is the process of capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy, used to reduce carbon dioxide and incorporate it into organic molecules.
- Phototrophs are organisms that carry out photosynthesis.
- Most significant metabolic process on Earth, providing energy and oxygen.
- Approximately half of Earth's photosynthesis is carried out by microbes.
- Bacteria can be classified into two types based on their oxygen production: oxygenic and anoxygenic.
Classification of Photosynthetic Bacteria
-
Oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria:
- Produce oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis, similar to plants.
- Cyanobacteria are the only form of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria.
- Convert early Earth's atmosphere from low oxygen to high oxygen.
- Can live in water, on land, in rocks, and within other organisms in mutually beneficial ways.
-
Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria:
- Do not produce oxygen during photosynthesis.
- Examples include: green and purple bacteria, filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs (FAPs), and phototrophic heliobacteria.
- Utilize different electron donors (e.g., hydrogen sulfide) in place of water.
- Often found in stagnant water or hot sulfuric springs.
- Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic, obtaining energy from sunlight or organic compounds.
Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis has two primary reactions:
- Light reactions: Capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH).
- Dark reactions: Use the energy from light reactions to reduce carbon dioxide and create organic molecules
Light Reactions in Eukaryotes and Cyanobacteria
- Photosynthesis requires specialized pigments to absorb light energy.
- Chlorophylls, carotenoids, phycoerythrin, and phycocyanin are examples.
- Chlorophyll is the most important pigment.
- Carotenoids and phycobiliproteins act as accessory pigments to increase the range of light absorbed.
- Chlorophyll absorbs light most efficiently in the blue-green portion of the spectrum.
Light Reactions in Green and Purple Bacteria
- Bacteria utilize bacteriochlorophyll instead of chlorophyll.
- They lack photosystem II so cannot use water as an electron source.
- Their reaction centers do not produce oxygen.
- Electrons are transferred to a chain of carriers that drives ATP synthesis, similar to cyclic photophosphorylation.
Dark Reactions
- The dark reactions take place in the stroma of chloroplasts or cytoplasm.
- Use the ATP and NADPH produced during light reactions to reduce carbon dioxide and synthesize carbohydrates (sugar).
- Ratio of ATP to NADPH required varies in different organisms
Additional Notes
- Some photosynthetic bacteria form symbiotic relationships with other organisms.
- They can live within the cells of another organism in a mutually beneficial way (endosymbiotic).
- Photosynthetic bacteria play an important role in Earth's ecosystems, particularly in nutrient cycling and energy flow.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fascinating process of photosynthesis and the types of bacteria involved. This quiz covers key concepts such as photosynthetic pigments, phases of photosynthesis, and the characteristics of various phototrophs. Challenge yourself with matching terms and descriptions related to this essential biological process.
