Phosphodiester Linkages in Nucleotides
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Questions and Answers

What is formed when a phosphoric acid molecule (H3PO4) is linked with two hydroxyl groups (–OH) of two other molecules?

  • Four ester bonds
  • Three ester bonds
  • One ester bond
  • Two ester bonds (correct)
  • What is the critical role played by phosphodiester linkages in nucleic acids?

  • Stabilizing the double helix structure
  • Providing a binding site for proteins
  • Regulating gene expression
  • Linking nucleotides together (correct)
  • What is the primary reason for the negative charge of phosphate groups in nucleotides at pH 7?

  • They are bound to metal ions
  • They are involved in hydrogen bonding with the sugar molecule
  • They are completely ionized due to their pKa near 0 (correct)
  • They are neutralized by ionic interactions with proteins and polyamines
  • What is the characteristic of the backbones of both DNA and RNA?

    <p>Hydrophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a nucleic acid sequence, what is the correct direction of reading?

    <p>5′ to 3′</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a short nucleic acid?

    <p>Oligonucleotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of each ester bond formation in the creation of phosphodiester linkages?

    <p>Removal of a water molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the C5 atom of thymine and uracil?

    <p>Thymine has a methyl group, while uracil does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular formula of phosphoric acid?

    <p>H3PO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bond formed between the phosphate group and the sugar of a nucleotide?

    <p>Ester bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the negatively charged group in nucleotides that attracts proteins?

    <p>Phosphate group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the backbone of DNA and RNA molecules?

    <p>DNA has a deoxyribose sugar, while RNA has a ribose sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 5′ and 3′ ends of a polynucleotide chain?

    <p>They may be free or have an attached phosphoryl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do nucleic acids in cells often associate with proteins?

    <p>Because of the negative charge of the phosphate groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symbol is used to represent the phosphate group in nucleic acid sequences?

    <p>P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ring structure does purine contain?

    <p>A six-membered pyrimidine ring fused to a five-membered imidazole ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nucleotides is found in DNA but not in RNA?

    <p>Thymidylate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of pentose found in the backbone of RNA molecules?

    <p>Ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

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