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Phosphodiester Linkages in Nucleotides

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Questions and Answers

What is formed when a phosphoric acid molecule (H3PO4) is linked with two hydroxyl groups (–OH) of two other molecules?

Four ester bonds

Three ester bonds

One ester bond

Two ester bonds (correct)

What is the critical role played by phosphodiester linkages in nucleic acids?

Stabilizing the double helix structure

Providing a binding site for proteins

Regulating gene expression

Linking nucleotides together (correct)

What is the primary reason for the negative charge of phosphate groups in nucleotides at pH 7?

They are bound to metal ions

They are involved in hydrogen bonding with the sugar molecule

They are completely ionized due to their pKa near 0 (correct)

They are neutralized by ionic interactions with proteins and polyamines

What is the characteristic of the backbones of both DNA and RNA?

Hydrophilic (C) Signup and view all the answers

In a nucleic acid sequence, what is the correct direction of reading?

5′ to 3′ (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a short nucleic acid?

Oligonucleotide (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of each ester bond formation in the creation of phosphodiester linkages?

Removal of a water molecule (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the C5 atom of thymine and uracil?

Thymine has a methyl group, while uracil does not (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular formula of phosphoric acid?

H3PO4 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bond formed between the phosphate group and the sugar of a nucleotide?

Ester bond (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the negatively charged group in nucleotides that attracts proteins?

Phosphate group (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the backbone of DNA and RNA molecules?

DNA has a deoxyribose sugar, while RNA has a ribose sugar (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 5′ and 3′ ends of a polynucleotide chain?

They may be free or have an attached phosphoryl group (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why do nucleic acids in cells often associate with proteins?

Because of the negative charge of the phosphate groups (B) Signup and view all the answers

What symbol is used to represent the phosphate group in nucleic acid sequences?

P (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of ring structure does purine contain?

A six-membered pyrimidine ring fused to a five-membered imidazole ring (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nucleotides is found in DNA but not in RNA?

Thymidylate (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of pentose found in the backbone of RNA molecules?

Ribose (C) Signup and view all the answers