60 Questions
What is a potential factor that may influence the typical acquisition of speech?
All of the above
According to Table 3.10, what would a 2-year-old, a 3.5-year-old, and a 5-year-old child produce when saying the word 'Cheese'?
Different pronunciations
What is Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)?
A build-up of liquid in the middle ear space
What is a limitation of research results on OME and its relation to SSDs?
Mixed results
What type of studies may support the assumption that OME has an impact on speech sounds acquisition?
Longitudinal studies
What is a possible relationship between OME and SSDs?
OME may have an impact on speech sounds acquisition
What is the relationship between phonological knowledge and vocabulary acquisition according to Stoel-Gammon (2011) and Storkel (2006)?
Phonological knowledge influences vocabulary acquisition
What are the three phonotactic constraints that define phonological knowledge?
Inventory, positional and sequence constraints
What is true about children with less than 50 words according to Storkel (2006)?
They prefer to listen to OUT sounds longer than IN sounds
What is the most practical measure of oral communication competence?
Intelligibility
What is the definition of the Age of Acquisition of Speech Sounds?
The age at which a sound is acquired
What happens to intelligibility as children grow?
It increases
What percentage of consonants are produced correctly by children around age 2?
70%
What is the term for the ability to reflect on and manipulate the structure of an utterance as distinct from its meaning?
Phonological awareness
What is the percentage of consonants produced correctly by children by age 5;6 – 6;6?
95.9%
What is the term for the simplification of a sound class in which target sounds are systematically deleted or substituted?
Phonological process
At what age do children typically produce 86.2% of consonants correctly?
Age 3
What is the term for the awareness of individual sounds within a word?
Phonemic awareness
What is the primary function of speech sound perception skills?
To associate sounds with their meanings
What is internal discrimination in the context of speech sound perception?
Monitoring one's own speech production using bone and air conduction auditory cues
What is stimulability in the context of speech sound perception?
The ability to correctly produce a sound after a modeling presentation
What is the relationship between poor speech sound discrimination and articulation performance?
Poor speech sound discrimination may be causally related to poor articulation performance
What is the suggested approach to improving articulation of target sounds?
Both speech perception training and speech production training
What is the role of external discrimination in speech sound perception?
Monitoring the speech of others
What is the term for the sensation of not feeling, but still understanding, during a dentist visit?
Oral Anesthetization
What is the term for the coordination of oral musculature?
Oral Facial Motor Skills
What is the potential impact of pacifier use on speech production skills?
It can reduce the time practicing speech
What is the term for the abnormal size of the tongue?
Macroglossia
What is the correlation between intelligence and speech sound disorders?
Low positive correlation
What is an example of a psychosocial factor that may influence speech development?
Family background
What is the primary objective of connected/conversational speech sampling?
To assess correct production in spontaneous speech
What is an advantage of connected/conversational speech sampling?
It provides information on various aspects of speech, including phonemes, error patterns, and prosodic patterns
What is a limitation of connected/conversational speech sampling?
It is difficult to collect samples from severe cases
What is the purpose of identifying error patterns in sounds production?
To identify the overall phonological system of the child
What is the 'speech sound inventory' in single-word/citation form sampling?
A collection of discrete, identifiable units of production
What is phonological pattern or process defined as?
A systematic sound change or simplification that affects a class of sounds
What is the 'delayed imitation/repetition task' used for in connected/conversational speech sampling?
To assess speech sound production in a storytelling context
What is the name of the published test used to assess articulation?
All of the above
What is the benefit of using pictures in single-word/citation form sampling?
It allows for the assessment of speech sound production in different word positions
What is elicitation procedure used to identify phonological patterns?
All of the above
What is important to consider when selecting a phonological pattern analysis instrument?
The material used is attractive, appropriate, and organized
What is the benefit of identifying error patterns in sounds production?
It facilitates treatment efficacy and target selection
What is intrajudge reliability in the context of assessment?
Agreement by the same person at different times
At what age do children typically start to shift from prelinguistic to linguistic behavior?
1-2 years
What is the primary focus of assessment in very young children?
Describing their production without reference to adult usage
What is collected through a speech sample in the assessment of very young children?
An inventory of sounds and syllables
Why is formal assessment not ideal for infants?
Because they have limited language skills
What is the purpose of eliciting sounds in very young children?
To describe their use of sounds
What is the primary goal of target selection in speech therapy?
To select sounds that are developmentally appropriate
What is the Complexity Approach in speech therapy?
Treating complex sounds before simple sounds
What is the Developmental Approach in speech therapy?
Treating simple sounds before complex sounds
Why is it important to consider developmental age expectations in target selection?
To target sounds that are developmentally appropriate
What is the goal of selecting individual speech sounds in therapy?
To select sounds that the child has errors in
What is the benefit of stimulating more complex sounds in therapy?
To promote generalization to other sounds
What was the assumption in the 1920’s- 1950’s about children with speech sound errors?
They were unable to perceive the difference between their own error and the adult production.
What is the current approach to speech sound perception/discrimination testing?
Only testing the child’s errors.
What is the purpose of judgment tasks in speech sound perception/discrimination testing?
To present the child with three forms to choose from.
What is the role of the stimulus phoneme (SP) in judgment tasks?
It is the error form of the word.
What is the purpose of the error control phoneme (CP) in judgment tasks?
It is a distractor form of the word.
When is the more general approach of speech sound perception/discrimination testing still used?
Only with children who are suspected of having a generalized perceptual problem.
This quiz covers the relationship between phonological knowledge and vocabulary acquisition, including phonotactic constraints and language development in children. It explores the different types of constraints and how they affect language acquisition.
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