Phonological Knowledge and Vocabulary Acquisition
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Questions and Answers

What is a potential factor that may influence the typical acquisition of speech?

  • Age
  • Socioeconomic status
  • Individual variability
  • All of the above (correct)

According to Table 3.10, what would a 2-year-old, a 3.5-year-old, and a 5-year-old child produce when saying the word 'Cheese'?

  • No pronunciation
  • The same pronunciation
  • Different pronunciations (correct)
  • Unrelated to age

What is Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)?

  • A permanent hearing loss
  • A build-up of liquid in the middle ear space (correct)
  • A speech sound disorder
  • A motor ability

What is a limitation of research results on OME and its relation to SSDs?

<p>Mixed results (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of studies may support the assumption that OME has an impact on speech sounds acquisition?

<p>Longitudinal studies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible relationship between OME and SSDs?

<p>OME may have an impact on speech sounds acquisition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between phonological knowledge and vocabulary acquisition according to Stoel-Gammon (2011) and Storkel (2006)?

<p>Phonological knowledge influences vocabulary acquisition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three phonotactic constraints that define phonological knowledge?

<p>Inventory, positional and sequence constraints (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about children with less than 50 words according to Storkel (2006)?

<p>They prefer to listen to OUT sounds longer than IN sounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most practical measure of oral communication competence?

<p>Intelligibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of the Age of Acquisition of Speech Sounds?

<p>The age at which a sound is acquired (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to intelligibility as children grow?

<p>It increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of consonants are produced correctly by children around age 2?

<p>70% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability to reflect on and manipulate the structure of an utterance as distinct from its meaning?

<p>Phonological awareness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of consonants produced correctly by children by age 5;6 – 6;6?

<p>95.9% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the simplification of a sound class in which target sounds are systematically deleted or substituted?

<p>Phonological process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age do children typically produce 86.2% of consonants correctly?

<p>Age 3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the awareness of individual sounds within a word?

<p>Phonemic awareness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of speech sound perception skills?

<p>To associate sounds with their meanings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is internal discrimination in the context of speech sound perception?

<p>Monitoring one's own speech production using bone and air conduction auditory cues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stimulability in the context of speech sound perception?

<p>The ability to correctly produce a sound after a modeling presentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between poor speech sound discrimination and articulation performance?

<p>Poor speech sound discrimination may be causally related to poor articulation performance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested approach to improving articulation of target sounds?

<p>Both speech perception training and speech production training (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of external discrimination in speech sound perception?

<p>Monitoring the speech of others (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the sensation of not feeling, but still understanding, during a dentist visit?

<p>Oral Anesthetization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the coordination of oral musculature?

<p>Oral Facial Motor Skills (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential impact of pacifier use on speech production skills?

<p>It can reduce the time practicing speech (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal size of the tongue?

<p>Macroglossia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation between intelligence and speech sound disorders?

<p>Low positive correlation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a psychosocial factor that may influence speech development?

<p>Family background (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of connected/conversational speech sampling?

<p>To assess correct production in spontaneous speech (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of connected/conversational speech sampling?

<p>It provides information on various aspects of speech, including phonemes, error patterns, and prosodic patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of connected/conversational speech sampling?

<p>It is difficult to collect samples from severe cases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of identifying error patterns in sounds production?

<p>To identify the overall phonological system of the child (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'speech sound inventory' in single-word/citation form sampling?

<p>A collection of discrete, identifiable units of production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is phonological pattern or process defined as?

<p>A systematic sound change or simplification that affects a class of sounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'delayed imitation/repetition task' used for in connected/conversational speech sampling?

<p>To assess speech sound production in a storytelling context (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the published test used to assess articulation?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using pictures in single-word/citation form sampling?

<p>It allows for the assessment of speech sound production in different word positions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is elicitation procedure used to identify phonological patterns?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is important to consider when selecting a phonological pattern analysis instrument?

<p>The material used is attractive, appropriate, and organized (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of identifying error patterns in sounds production?

<p>It facilitates treatment efficacy and target selection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is intrajudge reliability in the context of assessment?

<p>Agreement by the same person at different times (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age do children typically start to shift from prelinguistic to linguistic behavior?

<p>1-2 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of assessment in very young children?

<p>Describing their production without reference to adult usage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is collected through a speech sample in the assessment of very young children?

<p>An inventory of sounds and syllables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is formal assessment not ideal for infants?

<p>Because they have limited language skills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of eliciting sounds in very young children?

<p>To describe their use of sounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of target selection in speech therapy?

<p>To select sounds that are developmentally appropriate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Complexity Approach in speech therapy?

<p>Treating complex sounds before simple sounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Developmental Approach in speech therapy?

<p>Treating simple sounds before complex sounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider developmental age expectations in target selection?

<p>To target sounds that are developmentally appropriate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of selecting individual speech sounds in therapy?

<p>To select sounds that the child has errors in (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of stimulating more complex sounds in therapy?

<p>To promote generalization to other sounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the assumption in the 1920’s- 1950’s about children with speech sound errors?

<p>They were unable to perceive the difference between their own error and the adult production. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current approach to speech sound perception/discrimination testing?

<p>Only testing the child’s errors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of judgment tasks in speech sound perception/discrimination testing?

<p>To present the child with three forms to choose from. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the stimulus phoneme (SP) in judgment tasks?

<p>It is the error form of the word. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the error control phoneme (CP) in judgment tasks?

<p>It is a distractor form of the word. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the more general approach of speech sound perception/discrimination testing still used?

<p>Only with children who are suspected of having a generalized perceptual problem. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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