Phonological Knowledge and Vocabulary Acquisition
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Questions and Answers

What is a potential factor that may influence the typical acquisition of speech?

  • Age
  • Socioeconomic status
  • Individual variability
  • All of the above (correct)

    • According to Table 3.10, what would a 2-year-old, a 3.5-year-old, and a 5-year-old child produce when saying the word 'Cheese'?

  • No pronunciation
  • The same pronunciation
  • Different pronunciations (correct)
  • Unrelated to age

    • What is Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)?

  • A permanent hearing loss
  • A build-up of liquid in the middle ear space (correct)
  • A speech sound disorder
  • A motor ability

    • What is a limitation of research results on OME and its relation to SSDs?

    <p>Mixed results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of studies may support the assumption that OME has an impact on speech sounds acquisition?

    <p>Longitudinal studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible relationship between OME and SSDs?

    <p>OME may have an impact on speech sounds acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between phonological knowledge and vocabulary acquisition according to Stoel-Gammon (2011) and Storkel (2006)?

    <p>Phonological knowledge influences vocabulary acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three phonotactic constraints that define phonological knowledge?

    <p>Inventory, positional and sequence constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about children with less than 50 words according to Storkel (2006)?

    <p>They prefer to listen to OUT sounds longer than IN sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most practical measure of oral communication competence?

    <p>Intelligibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of the Age of Acquisition of Speech Sounds?

    <p>The age at which a sound is acquired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to intelligibility as children grow?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of consonants are produced correctly by children around age 2?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability to reflect on and manipulate the structure of an utterance as distinct from its meaning?

    <p>Phonological awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of consonants produced correctly by children by age 5;6 – 6;6?

    <p>95.9%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the simplification of a sound class in which target sounds are systematically deleted or substituted?

    <p>Phonological process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do children typically produce 86.2% of consonants correctly?

    <p>Age 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the awareness of individual sounds within a word?

    <p>Phonemic awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of speech sound perception skills?

    <p>To associate sounds with their meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is internal discrimination in the context of speech sound perception?

    <p>Monitoring one's own speech production using bone and air conduction auditory cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stimulability in the context of speech sound perception?

    <p>The ability to correctly produce a sound after a modeling presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between poor speech sound discrimination and articulation performance?

    <p>Poor speech sound discrimination may be causally related to poor articulation performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suggested approach to improving articulation of target sounds?

    <p>Both speech perception training and speech production training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of external discrimination in speech sound perception?

    <p>Monitoring the speech of others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sensation of not feeling, but still understanding, during a dentist visit?

    <p>Oral Anesthetization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the coordination of oral musculature?

    <p>Oral Facial Motor Skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential impact of pacifier use on speech production skills?

    <p>It can reduce the time practicing speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the abnormal size of the tongue?

    <p>Macroglossia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correlation between intelligence and speech sound disorders?

    <p>Low positive correlation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a psychosocial factor that may influence speech development?

    <p>Family background</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of connected/conversational speech sampling?

    <p>To assess correct production in spontaneous speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of connected/conversational speech sampling?

    <p>It provides information on various aspects of speech, including phonemes, error patterns, and prosodic patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of connected/conversational speech sampling?

    <p>It is difficult to collect samples from severe cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of identifying error patterns in sounds production?

    <p>To identify the overall phonological system of the child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'speech sound inventory' in single-word/citation form sampling?

    <p>A collection of discrete, identifiable units of production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is phonological pattern or process defined as?

    <p>A systematic sound change or simplification that affects a class of sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'delayed imitation/repetition task' used for in connected/conversational speech sampling?

    <p>To assess speech sound production in a storytelling context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the published test used to assess articulation?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using pictures in single-word/citation form sampling?

    <p>It allows for the assessment of speech sound production in different word positions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is elicitation procedure used to identify phonological patterns?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important to consider when selecting a phonological pattern analysis instrument?

    <p>The material used is attractive, appropriate, and organized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of identifying error patterns in sounds production?

    <p>It facilitates treatment efficacy and target selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is intrajudge reliability in the context of assessment?

    <p>Agreement by the same person at different times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do children typically start to shift from prelinguistic to linguistic behavior?

    <p>1-2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of assessment in very young children?

    <p>Describing their production without reference to adult usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is collected through a speech sample in the assessment of very young children?

    <p>An inventory of sounds and syllables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is formal assessment not ideal for infants?

    <p>Because they have limited language skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of eliciting sounds in very young children?

    <p>To describe their use of sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of target selection in speech therapy?

    <p>To select sounds that are developmentally appropriate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Complexity Approach in speech therapy?

    <p>Treating complex sounds before simple sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Developmental Approach in speech therapy?

    <p>Treating simple sounds before complex sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider developmental age expectations in target selection?

    <p>To target sounds that are developmentally appropriate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of selecting individual speech sounds in therapy?

    <p>To select sounds that the child has errors in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of stimulating more complex sounds in therapy?

    <p>To promote generalization to other sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the assumption in the 1920’s- 1950’s about children with speech sound errors?

    <p>They were unable to perceive the difference between their own error and the adult production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current approach to speech sound perception/discrimination testing?

    <p>Only testing the child’s errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of judgment tasks in speech sound perception/discrimination testing?

    <p>To present the child with three forms to choose from.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the stimulus phoneme (SP) in judgment tasks?

    <p>It is the error form of the word.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the error control phoneme (CP) in judgment tasks?

    <p>It is a distractor form of the word.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the more general approach of speech sound perception/discrimination testing still used?

    <p>Only with children who are suspected of having a generalized perceptual problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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