Phonological Processing and Speech Sound Development
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Questions and Answers

What does phonological processing include?

  • Working and long term memory
  • Coding
  • Phonological awareness
  • All of the above (correct)

    • Which term refers to the gradual articulatory mastery of speech sound forms within a language?

    Speech sound development

    What do the respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory mechanisms of the young infant reflect?

    Primary functions

    Which term refers to the ability to identify the same sound across various speakers and environmental conditions?

    <p>Perceptual constancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What coincides with the infant's vocal tract approximating the adult shape at around 6 to 8 months of age?

    <p>The beginning of canonical babbling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which prelinguistic stage does the child begin to communicate to adults through imitation games with vocal productions?

    <p>Stage 4: Canonical babbling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which prelinguistic stage does the child produce strings of utterances mainly modulated by intonation, rhythm, and pausing?

    <p>Stage 5: Jargon stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do prosodic features consist of?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of learning allows the child to acquire phonemic principles that apply to the phonology of that particular language?

    <p>System learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the first-50-word stage?

    <p>Frequent use of consonant clusters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did cross-sectional and longitudinal research findings reveal about children within the first-50-word stage?

    <p>A fairly limited number of consonants were being used by most children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has caused differing results in large cross-sectional studies of sound mastery?

    <p>Different methodologies employed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Speech sound development and phonological development are the same.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a child is born, the respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory mechanisms are structurally adequate for speech sound production.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is not until approximately age 7 that the respiratory function of the child demonstrates adult-like patterns.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Canonical babbling refers to both reduplicated and non-reduplicated babbling.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Research supports the notion that infants babble all the sounds of all the languages of the world.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the late babbling period, closed syllables are the most frequent utterance of the child.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quantity and diversity of babbling behavior have been correlated to later language performance.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The babbles uttered at the end of the babbling stage and the first words of a child are very similar.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the impact of relatively large arytenoid cartilages and vocal processes in the infant on vocal fold vibration.

    <p>They stifle the vibratory action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is categorical perception?

    <p>The tendency of listeners to perceive speech sounds according to the phonemic categories of the native language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between vocoids and contoids versus vowels and consonants?

    <p>There is no meaning associated with vocoids and contoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between first words and proto-words?

    <p>First words are consistently produced sounds in context, while proto-words are invented words used consistently by children demonstrating meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain how salience and avoidance factors could influence research findings on the age of acquisition of speech sounds.

    <p>A child's preference and environment will likely affect their speech sound acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Phonological Processing

    • Involves working memory, long-term memory, coding, and phonological awareness.

    Speech Sound Development

    • Refers to the gradual mastery of articulatory forms of speech sounds in a language.

    Infant Mechanisms

    • Infant respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory mechanisms serve primary functions only.

    Perceptual Constancy

    • Ability to identify the same sound across different speakers and environments.

    Canonical Babbling

    • Begins at 6 to 8 months when the infant's vocal tract shape approximates that of adults.

    Prelinguistic Stages

    • Stage 4: Canonical babbling involves communication through imitation games.
    • Stage 5: Jargon stage consists of utterances modulated by intonation, rhythm, and pausing.

    Prosodic Features

    • Encompass pitch (intonation), loudness (stress), and tempo variations (duration).

    System Learning

    • Type of learning where children acquire phonemic principles specific to their language.

    First-50-Word Stage

    • Characterized by limited consonant usage and lack of frequent consonant clusters.

    Research Findings

    • Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies show limited consonants used by children in the first-50-word stage.
    • Differing methodologies in studies lead to variable results regarding sound mastery.

    Speech Development Characteristics

    • Speech sound and phonological development are equivalent.
    • At birth, mechanisms are functionally adequate for primary functions, but not structurally for speech production.
    • Adult-like respiratory patterns emerge around age 7.

    Babbling Characteristics

    • Canonical babbling includes both reduplicated and non-reduplicated forms.
    • Research does not support that infants babble all sounds of all languages.
    • Open syllables are more frequent than closed syllables during the late babbling period.

    Babbling and Language Performance

    • Quantity and diversity in babbling correlate with later language performance.
    • Babble from the end of the babbling stage closely resembles a child’s first words.

    Vocal Fold Vibration

    • Large arytenoid cartilages and vocal processes in infants limit vibratory action due to structural size compared to adults.

    Categorical Perception

    • Listeners categorize speech sounds according to their native language's phonemic categories.

    Vocoids and Contoids

    • Contrasted with vowels and consonants, vocoids and contoids lack associated meanings.

    First Words vs. Proto-Words

    • First words are consistent, recognizable sounds related to adult forms; proto-words are invented terms with specific meanings for the child.

    Research Influences

    • Salience and avoidance factors affect research findings on the age of acquisition of speech sounds based on a child's preferences and environment.

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    Description

    Explore key concepts related to phonological processing, speech sound development, and prelinguistic stages in infants. This quiz covers critical mechanisms and features that contribute to language acquisition. Perfect for students and professionals in speech-language pathology or early childhood education.

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