Phonocardiograph: Heart Sounds and Mechanisms
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Questions and Answers

What is the main cause of heart sounds?

  • Vibrations created by closure of the heart valves (correct)
  • The movement of cardiac muscle
  • The rhythmicity of the heart rate
  • The movement of blood through chambers of the heart

What is the phonocardiograph used for?

  • To record the sounds connected with the pumping action of the heart (correct)
  • To hear heart sounds more clearly
  • To measure the heart rate
  • To diagnose heart diseases

What is the purpose of phonocardiography?

  • To graphically record heart sounds or murmurs (correct)
  • To diagnose heart diseases
  • To record the heart rate
  • To measure the heart rhythmicity

What is a phonocardiogram?

<p>A high-fidelity recording representing the rhythmicity and heart rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is phonocardiography used instead of electronic stethoscopes?

<p>Because it can detect both heart sounds that are too low in intensity and too high in frequency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of phonocardiographs over electronic stethoscopes?

<p>They provide a recording of the waveforms of the heart sounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can even subtle changes in breath sounds be detected with?

<p>An electronic stethoscope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be impaired in the absence of an airtight seal between stethoscope and skin?

<p>Physiologic sound transmission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is not a capability of electronic stethoscopes?

<p>Generating constructive interference of physiologic sound waves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the quality of sound wave transmission?

<p>The airtight seal between stethoscope and skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the mechanical working processes of the heart?

<p>Production of sound indicating health status (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the valvular theory, where do heart sounds emanate from?

<p>Point sources located near the valves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during atrial systole in the late diastolic filling period?

<p>Blood is forced into the ventricles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of innocent murmurs?

<p>They are present in normal hearts without any heart disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of pathologic murmurs?

<p>Narrowing or leaking of valves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for heart murmurs to occur?

<p>Blood flow above the Reynolds number (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are heart murmurs graded?

<p>By their intensity from I to VI (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of a Grade I murmur?

<p>It is faint and heard only with special effort (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common factor involved in the production of murmurs?

<p>Decreased viscosity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the filter in the instrumentation of murmurs?

<p>To permit selection of suitable frequency bands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microphone is often used in the instrumentation of murmurs?

<p>Crystal microphone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical bandwidth of the filter used in the instrumentation of murmurs?

<p>20-2000Hz (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the integrator in the instrumentation of murmurs?

<p>To record the envelope of higher frequency signals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Rochelle salt commonly used in microphones?

<p>It has the largest voltage output for a given mechanical stress. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when mechanical stress is placed on the crystal material in a microphone?

<p>A voltage electromagnetic force is generated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the sound pressure in the air chamber kept constant?

<p>To keep a flat response in the pass band. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of dynamic microphones?

<p>They consist of a moving coil with a fixed magnetic core. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is heart sound recording with a microphone valid for a particular frequency only?

<p>Because the microphone does not transform acoustic oscillations into electrical potentials uniformly for all frequencies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the sound wave coupled to the crystal in some microphones?

<p>Indirectly, through a diaphragm mechanically linked to the crystal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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