Cardiovascular System and Heart Anatomy

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the primary muscle type that constitutes the heart?

  • Cardiac muscle (correct)
  • Smooth muscle
  • Skeletal muscle
  • Visceral muscle

The 'lub' sound (S1) of the heartbeat is primarily caused by the:

  • Closing of the aortic and pulmonic valves
  • Rapid ventricular filling
  • Closing of the atrioventricular (AV) valves (correct)
  • Opening of the mitral and tricuspid valves

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the heart relax?

  • Diastole (correct)
  • Atrial contraction
  • Ventricular ejection
  • Systole

Which layer of the heart is also decribed as the 'outer layer'?

<p>Pericardium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event is associated with the heart during systole?

<p>Ventricular contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of blood vessels within the cardiovascular system?

<p>Acting as pipelines, delivering blood. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An abnormal heart sound, also known as a 'Murmur', is:

<p>An abnormal heart sound when all other sounds are normal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering that heart mass increases directly with body size, which of the following is closest to the average weight of a normal adult heart?

<p>300 grams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the functional syncytium of the heart that surrounds the layers?

<p>Osacardiura (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sound is normal except when it's heard in pregnancy or in children?

<p>S3- 1st Rapid Ventric. (Diastolic) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cardiovascular System

The cardiovascular system includes the heart and vessels, which work together to pump blood throughout the body.

Heart

The main organ that pumps blood.

Vessels

Pipelines that carry blood.

Heart weight

Approximately 300 grams

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Heart Muscle

Composed of cardiac muscle.

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Epicardium

Outermost layer of the heart.

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Myocardium

Middle and thickest layer of the heart wall, responsible for contraction.

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Endocardium

Inner layer of the heart, lining the chambers.

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Systole

Contraction phase of the heart, blood is pumped out.

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Diastole

Relaxation phase of the heart, heart refills with blood.

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Study Notes

  • Organs included in the cardiovascular system are the heart and vessels.
  • The heart is responsible for pumping blood.
  • Vessels are pipelines that carry blood.

Heart

  • The heart weighs 300 grams.
  • The heart muscle consists of cardiac muscle.

Heart Layers

  • The three heart layers are the epicardium (outer layer), myocardium (cardiac middle layers), and endocardium (inner layer).
  • The pericardium is composed of surrounding layers.
  • Contraction corresponds to systole.
  • Relaxation corresponds to diastole.

Heart Sound

  • Except these sounds all other abnormal sound is Murmur.
  • S1 represents AV closure.
  • S2 represents SL closure.
  • S3 - 1st Rapid Ventricle (passive).
  • S4 - 2nd Rapid Ventricle (active)
  • Sound can be either physiological or pathological.

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