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Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What defines the four phases of the cardiac cycle?

P wave and QRS complex in the electrocardiogram

Rising and falling of the atrial pressure curve

Opening and closing of the cardiac valves (correct)

Contraction and relaxation of the heart muscles

What causes the P wave in the electrocardiogram?

Initiation of contraction of the ventricles

Spread of depolarization through the atria (correct)

Electrical depolarization of the ventricles

Spontaneous generation of an action potential in the sinus node

What initiates contraction of the ventricles in the cardiac cycle?

Closing of the cardiac valves

Rising of the atrial pressure curve

Electrical depolarization of the ventricles (correct)

Spontaneous generation of an action potential in the sinus node

Which wave in the electrocardiogram marks the onset of ventricular systole?

QRS waves (C) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the heart fill with blood?

Diastole (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the period of rapid ejection during ventricular contraction called?

Period of isovolumic contraction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What causes the v wave in the atria?

Slow flow of blood into the atria from the veins during ventricular contraction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the period of isovolumic or isometric relaxation?

The ventricular muscle relaxes while the volume remains constant (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the A-V valves?

Prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during systole (B) Signup and view all the answers

What causes the c wave in the atria?

Bulging of the A-V valves backward toward the atria due to increasing pressure in the ventricles (B) Signup and view all the answers

What causes the first heart sound?

Rapid closure of the A-V valves at the beginning of systole (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the second heart sound shorter in duration than the first heart sound?

The semilunar valves vibrate for a shorter time than the A-V valves (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism behind the third heart sound?

Oscillation of blood initiated by inrushing blood from the atria (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does mitral regurgitation affect heart sounds?

It causes a high-frequency blowing sound transmitted most strongly into the left atrium (D) Signup and view all the answers

What condition creates a nozzle effect during systole, leading to intense vibration and a loud murmur?

Aortic stenosis (D) Signup and view all the answers