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Questions and Answers
What term is used to describe the relationship between the spelling and pronunciation of English words?
In creating phonetic representations of words, what aspect helps distinguish consonants like [k]?
Which term is used to describe how consonants are pronounced in the context of 'obstruent' and 'sonorant'?
When creating definitions for consonants like [k], what aspect involves the terms voiced/voiceless, place of articulation, and manner of articulation?
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What is the purpose of putting words in lists based on sounds like [et], [i], [f], [k], and [f]?
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In the study of language tasks, why might the voiced/voiceless distinction be considered unnecessary in some definitions?
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Which term refers to the study of the history and origin of words?
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Which pair below is an example of calque?
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What is the English compound word that is NOT acceptable according to the text?
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Which word-formation process is involved in the creation of the word 'kickass' in the sentence: 'These new skateboards from Zee Designs are kickass.'?
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Which of the following plural forms in Turkish is NOT correctly matched with its singular form?
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In the word 'unfaithful', what is 'un-' an example of?
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If the Kamhmu word 'sal' means 'to put an ornament in the ear', what would be the word for 'an ear ornament'?
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What does the irregular plural form 'mice' suggest about compounding rules in English?
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Which of the following Turkish plural morphs exemplifies the singular form 'lesson'?
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Which word-formation process is involved in creating the word 'FedEx' in the sentence: 'Can you FedEx the books to me today'?
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Which of the following compound words is NOT acceptable in English?
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What linguistic observation can be made from the variations in Turkish plural inflection provided in the text?
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Which aspect of language do the sounds determine in terms of vowels?
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What aspect helps in deciding whether a vowel is tense or lax?
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In the given expressions like 'criss-cross' and 'ding-dong', why do they never occur in reverse order?
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What type of pairings do expressions like 'fuddy-duddy' and 'razzle-dazzle' represent?
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In phonetic terms, what does the regular pattern of sounds in expressions such as 'criss-cross' and 'ping-pong' suggest?
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Which source would provide a more detailed treatment on phonetics according to the information given?
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Which of the following sentences contains inflectional morphemes?
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In the words 'fearlessly', 'misleads', 'previewer', 'shortened', 'unhappier', which one has a bound stem?
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What do lexical conditioning, morphological conditioning, and phonological conditioning help determine when selecting allomorphs?
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Which set of English words contains allomorphs of the morpheme 'plural'?
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What is 'suppletion' in morphology?
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'Reduplication' in morphology refers to:
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Study Notes
Phonetics and Phonology
- The sounds of language determine which vowels are rounded or unrounded, and which are tense or lax.
- Phonetic clues are used to make these decisions, considering the sounds and their characteristics.
Reduplications in English
- Expressions like chit-chat and flip-flop never occur in reverse order, following a regular pattern of sounds.
- Examples of similar expressions include criss-cross, hip-hop, riff-raff, and ding-dong.
- Phonetic description of these expressions involves a regular pattern of sounds.
Phonetics and Further Reading
- Ladefoged (2006) provides a basic treatment of phonetics in "A Course in Phonetics".
- Roach (2001) offers a more detailed treatment in "Phonetics".
- Ashby and Maidment (2005) and Catford (2002) provide in-depth treatments of phonetics in their respective books.
The Study of Language
- The relationship between the spelling and pronunciation of English words is not always simple.
- Phonetic representation of words is essential to understanding their pronunciation.
Morphology
- Functional morphemes are the smallest units of language that convey meaning.
- Bound morphemes are morphemes that must be combined with other morphemes to convey meaning.
- Inflectional morphemes are morphemes that indicate grammatical function, such as tense or plurality.
- Allomorphs are variations of a morpheme that change depending on the context.
Morphology Study Questions
- The functional morphemes in the sentence "When he arrived in the morning, the old man had an umbrella and a large plastic bag full of books" are not explicitly stated.
- Bound morphemes in words like fearlessly, misleads, and previewer are identified.
- Inflectional morphemes in expressions like "Have you eaten yet?" and "Do you know how long I've been waiting?" are identified.
Word Formation
- Suppletion is the use of a different root or stem to indicate a grammatical function, such as "go" and "went".
- Etymology is the study of the origins of words, while entomology is the study of insects.
- Calque is a word-formation process where a loanword is translated into a new language, such as "luna de miel" into "honeymoon".
- Different word-formation processes are involved in producing words like "AIDS", "xerox", and "fandamntastic".
Prefixes and Suffixes
- Prefixes and suffixes are used to form new words, such as "misfortune" and "terrorism".
- Identifying the prefixes and suffixes used in words is essential to understanding their meanings.
Discussion Topics/Projects
- In English, plural forms like "mice" and "rats" follow different rules in compounding.
- A rule or sequence of rules can be stated to accommodate all the examples given, including irregular plural forms like "mice".
- In Turkish, the plural inflection varies, with different morphs exemplified in the examples provided.
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Description
Test your knowledge on distinguishing between rounded and unrounded vowels, tense and lax vowels in English language. Explore the different clues used to make these phonetic distinctions with examples like 'bet/bought' and 'coat/caught'. Check out Ashby and Maidment's Chapter 5 for further reading.
