Phonetics and Accents in English
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Questions and Answers

What is the difference between dialect and accent?

  • Dialect refers to the overall language system, including vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, while accent only covers pronunciation.
  • Dialect refers to variations in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, while accent refers specifically to pronunciation variations. (correct)
  • Dialect is a regional variation of a language, while accent is a social variation.
  • Dialect and accent are the same thing, just different terms used in various contexts.

What is Received Pronunciation (RP)?

  • A model of British English pronunciation recommended for learners. (correct)
  • A regional dialect of British English.
  • The standard pronunciation of English in the United States.
  • The pronunciation used by royalty in the United Kingdom.

What are the three subtypes of Received Pronunciation?

Conservative, general, and advanced

What is the difference between monophthongs and diphthongs?

<p>Monophthongs are pure vowels, while diphthongs are vowel sounds that involve a glide from one vowel to another. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a glottal stop and a glottal fricative?

<p>A glottal stop involves a complete closure of the vocal cords, while a glottal fricative involves a partial closure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a voiceless consonant and a voiced consonant?

<p>A voiceless consonant is produced with the vocal cords vibrating, while a voiced consonant is produced with the vocal cords not vibrating. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between an onset and a coda in a syllable?

<p>An onset is the initial consonant or consonant cluster of a syllable, while a coda is the final consonant or consonant cluster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a strong syllable and a weak syllable?

<p>A strong syllable is stressed, while a weak syllable is unstressed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a tonic syllable and a tonic stress?

<p>A tonic syllable is the prominent syllable in a tone unit, while tonic stress is the emphasis placed on that syllable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the rising intonation?

<p>To indicate a question or an inquiry. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Accent

A pronunciation variety that distinguishes speakers from different regions.

Received Pronunciation (RP)

The standard pronunciation of British English, often used in BBC broadcasts, dictionaries, textbooks, and schools.

Syllable Centre

The central sound of a syllable, usually a vowel.

Vowel

A vowel sound that is made with no contact between the tongue and the roof of the mouth.

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Monophthong

A vowel sound that is made with the tongue in a fixed position.

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Diphthong

A vowel sound that glides from one position to another.

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Triphthong

A vowel sound that glides from one position to another and then to a third position.

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Vowel Height

The vertical position of the tongue when making a vowel sound, describing how close or open the mouth is.

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Vowel Backness

The horizontal position of the tongue when making a vowel sound, describing which part of the tongue is raised.

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Lip Rounding

The shape of the lips when making a vowel sound, whether rounded, spread, or neutral.

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Cardinal Vowels

A standard reference system for vowel sounds, showing the extremes of vowel quality.

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Schwa

A central, unstressed vowel sound often found in unstressed syllables.

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Syllable Onset

The part of a syllable that comes before the centre (usually a vowel).

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Minimum Syllable

A syllable that has only a vowel as its centre.

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Syllabic Consonant

A consonant that acts as the centre of a syllable.

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Weak Forms

Unstressed forms of words that are used in connected speech.

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Contracted Forms

Words that are combined into a single unit, like 'it is' becoming 'it's'.

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Stress-Timed Rhythm

The rhythm of English, where stressed syllables are more prominent and occur at regular intervals.

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Syllable-Timed Rhythm

The rhythm of Czech and Slovak, where syllables usually have equal timing.

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Foot

A unit of rhythm in English, starting with a stressed syllable and including following unstressed syllables.

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Stress Shift

A change in the stress pattern of a word based on its context.

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Rhythm

Regular, repeated patterns in speech, like a consistent rhythm.

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A-rhythmical Speech

Speech with no regular patterns, inconsistent rhythm.

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Intonation

The way pitch changes in speech, giving meaning to the utterance.

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Tone-Unit

The basic unit of intonation, containing one or more syllables.

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Tonic Syllable

The prominent syllable in a tone-unit, carrying a particular tone and stress.

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Head

The part of a tone-unit from the first stressed syllable to the tonic syllable.

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Pre-Head

The part of a tone-unit before the first stressed syllable.

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Tail

The part of a tone-unit after the tonic syllable.

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Intonation Focus

The focus of intonation, determined by the position of tonic stress.

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Word Stress

The stress that is independent of intonation, occurring within words.

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Study Notes

Accents

  • Dialect is different from accent, being a pronunciation variety
  • Received Pronunciation (RP) is the BBC pronunciation model, a standard British English pronunciation
  • RP is recommended for learners, seen in dictionaries and taught in schools
  • RP has subtypes: conservative (older), general (middle-aged), and advanced (younger) generations
  • Estuary English is a type of pronunciation

Vowels

  • Vowels are acoustic tones (voiced sounds) with articulatory characteristics (no contact)
  • Vowels are classified horizontally (tongue position: front, central, back) and vertically (tongue height: close, mid, open) considering lip position (rounded, spread, neutral)
  • English has 12 monophthongs (pure vowels) and 8 diphthongs, with 5 triphthongs

Consonants

  • Plosives have acoustic characteristics (noises) and articulatory characteristics (contact of articulators)
  • English has 24 consonants, classified by place of articulation (e.g., bilabial, alveolar), manner of articulation (e.g., plosive, fricative), acoustic impression, position of the soft palate, and voice

Consonant Classification

  • Place of Articulation: Bilabial (/p, b, m/), labio-dental (/f, v/), dental (/θ, ð/), alveolar (/t, d, s, z, l, n, r/), palato-alveolar (/ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ/), palatal (/j/), velar (/k, g, ŋ/), glottal (/h/) and labio-velar (/w/)
  • Manner of Articulation: Occlusives (closure), constrictives (narrowing), nasals, laterals, approximants, semi-vowels.
  • Acoustic Impression: Plosives (/p, t, k, b, d, g/), fricatives (/f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, h/), affricates (/tʃ, dʒ/)
  • Position of the Soft Palate: Oral (/p, t, k, b, d, g, l, r, w, j, f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ, h/) or Nasal (/m, n, ŋ/)
  • Voice: Voiceless (fortis) or Voiced (lenis)

Syllables

  • Syllable structure has an onset (before the vowel), a nucleus (vowel), and a coda (after the vowel)
  • Onsets and codas can include consonant clusters
  • English phonotactics (permitted consonant combinations) can vary in complexity.
  • Stress patterns in words (strong and weak syllables) affect the prominence and acoustic properties of vowels.

Intonation

  • Tones (intonation patterns) in spoken language give information about attitudes and emotions
  • Fall, rise, and fall-rise tone units form the base of English intonation structures
  • Tone units and syllables have a hierarchical relationship impacting meaning and understanding

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Description

Explore the intricacies of English accents, vowels, and consonants in this quiz. Learn about Received Pronunciation, vowel classifications, and consonant articulation. This content is essential for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of English phonetics.

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