88 Questions
What is the first step in drawing blood from a patient?
Discuss the procedure with the patient and confirm their name and tests being drawn
Which vein is the most commonly used for drawing blood?
Antecubital fossa vein
What is the primary function of the kidneys in the body?
To filter waste products from the blood
What is a common symptom of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)?
Frequent urination
What is the primary characteristic of Diabetes?
High blood sugar levels
What is the purpose of the tourniquet in the blood-drawing process?
To restrict blood flow and make the vein more visible
What is the term for a medical doctor who specializes in interpreting medical images?
Radiologist
What is the correct pathway of blood through the circulatory system?
Artery --> Arteriole --> Capillary --> Venule --> Vein
What is the term for a White Blood Cell (WBC)?
Leukocyte
What is the function of the spleen and liver in the circulatory system?
To destroy aged red blood cells
What is the mineral necessary for normal hemoglobin production?
Iron
What is the term for a blood vessel getting smaller?
Vasoconstriction
What is the composition of plasma?
Water, proteins, and platelets
What is the shape of a Red Blood Cell (RBC)?
Biconcave
What does a dark yellow color of urine indicate?
Dehydration
What is the function of one-way valves in veins?
To prevent backflow of blood
What imaging method is used in a mammogram?
ionizing radiation
Which of the following imaging techniques is used to diagnose gallbladder disease?
Ultrasound
What is the purpose of the probe in an echocardiogram?
To capture images of the heart
What is the duration of a PET scan?
1.5 – 2 hours
What age group is recommended to get mammograms every year?
Women between 45 and 54
What is the imaging method used in an echocardiogram?
sound waves
What is a common symptom of uncontrolled diabetes?
Frequent urination
What is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?
To regulate electrolyte balance and blood pressure
What is the name of the genetic disorder that impairs blood clotting?
Hemophilia
What is the role of the atria in the heart?
Receiving blood from the body
What is the name of the infection that can occur in the urinary system?
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
What is the role of the phlebotomist in diagnostic and imaging services?
Collecting blood samples from patients
What is the name of the hormone that is detected in pregnancy tests?
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
What is the name of the condition that occurs when there is a buildup of plaque in the arteries?
Atherosclerosis
What is the role of the clinical laboratory technician?
Conducting laboratory tests on blood and tissues
What is the name of the inherited disorder that affects hemoglobin production?
Sickle Cell Anemia
What is the main function of the atria in the heart?
To receive oxygen-depleted blood from the body
What is the purpose of the one-way valves in the blood vessels?
To prevent blood from flowing backwards
What is the percentage of solid cells or formed elements in blood?
45%
What is the primary function of erythrocytes?
To carry oxygen and maintain acid-base balance
What is the name of the largest artery in the body?
Aorta
What is the purpose of the capillary beds?
To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Which imaging method uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of organs and tissues?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
What is the average blood volume of a 70 kg male?
5 liters
What is the purpose of leukocytes in the blood?
To protect the body against infection
What is the smallest and most numerous type of blood vessel?
Capillary
What is the primary purpose of identifying the vein before drawing blood?
To choose the most accessible vein for phlebotomy
What is a common symptom of renal failure?
Fatigue
What is the purpose of cleaning the area with an alcohol wipe before drawing blood?
To prevent infection
What is the primary characteristic of kidney stones?
Hard deposits formed in the kidneys
What is the purpose of inserting the needle at a 30-degree angle during phlebotomy?
To ensure proper placement of the needle in the vein
What is the purpose of labeling the tubes after drawing blood?
To ensure proper storage of the sample
What does the presence of ketones in urine indicate?
Increased fat metabolism
What is the role of the veins in the circulatory system?
Return oxygen-depleted blood to the heart
What does the presence of glucose in urine indicate?
High blood sugar levels
What is the role of the ureters in the urinary system?
Transport urine from kidneys to the bladder
What is the role of the pharmacist?
Dispenses medications prescribed by physicians
What does the presence of proteins in urine indicate?
Kidney damage or disease
What is the role of the clinical laboratory technician?
Conducts laboratory tests on blood and tissues
What is the name of the inherited disorder that affects hemoglobin production?
Sickle Cell Anemia
What is the role of the phlebotomist?
Collects blood samples from patients
What is the name of the hormone detected in pregnancy tests?
hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
What is the purpose of the ventricles in the heart?
To pump oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all body tissues
What is the function of the aorta?
To pump oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all body tissues
What is the primary function of erythrocytes?
To carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues
What is the purpose of the capillary beds?
To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the body tissues
What is the average blood volume of a 70 kg male?
5 liters
What is the purpose of leukocytes in the blood?
To protect the body against infection
What is the function of the atria in the heart?
To receive oxygen-depleted blood from the body tissues
What is the purpose of the one-way valves in the blood vessels?
To prevent blood from flowing backwards
What is the imaging method used in an MRI?
Magnetic fields and radio waves
What is the smallest and most numerous type of blood vessel?
Capillaries
What is the primary function of arteries in the circulatory system?
To carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body's tissues
What is the difference between the walls of arteries and veins?
Arteries have thicker walls than veins
What is the term for a red blood cell?
Erythrocyte
What is the purpose of the spleen and liver in the circulatory system?
To destroy aged red blood cells
What is the composition of plasma?
Water, proteins, and platelets
What is the term for a blood vessel getting smaller?
Vasoconstriction
What is the function of capillary beds?
To exchange oxygen and nutrients with tissues
What is the difference between the color of arteries and veins?
Arteries appear red, veins appear blue
What does an orange or red color of urine indicate?
Hydration
What is the primary function of radiologists?
To interpret medical images
What is the primary function of an echocardiogram?
To examine the heart and its surrounding blood vessels
What is the imaging method used in a PET scan?
Radiotracers
What is the recommended frequency for mammograms for women aged 45 to 54?
Every year
What is the education level required for a clinical laboratory technician?
Associate degree in clinical laboratory science
What is the purpose of a radiotracers in a PET scan?
To show where glucose is being used in the body
What is the duration of an echocardiogram?
30 minutes to 1 hour
What is the education level required for a radiologist?
Doctor of Medicine degree
What is the imaging method used in a mammogram?
Ionizing radiation
What is the primary function of a phlebotomist in diagnostic and imaging services?
To draw blood from patients
What is the duration of a PET scan?
1.5 to 2 hours
Study Notes
Phlebotomy Steps in Drawing Blood
- Discuss with the patient what you will be doing and why, confirm patient name and tests being drawn
- Identify the vein to be used (most common: antecubital fossa, median cephalic, and median basilic veins)
- Gather needed supplies, perform hand washing, and put on gloves
- Place a tourniquet and clean the area with an alcohol wipe for 30 seconds
- Insert the beveled needle at a 30-degree angle into the vessel
- Connect the vacutainers or use a syringe to draw back once blood is seen in the tubing
- Properly label the tubes and send them to the laboratory for analysis
- Clean up the space and ensure all sharps are placed in a properly labeled sharps container
Renal Failure and Associated Conditions
- Decreased kidney function leading to inability to filter waste products from blood
- Symptoms: fatigue, swelling, changes in urination frequency
- Related conditions:
- Kidney stones: hard deposits formed in the kidneys from minerals and salts
- Symptoms: severe pain in the back, side, or lower abdomen, nausea, blood in urine
- Urinary tract infection (UTI): bacterial infection in the urinary tract
- Symptoms: frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, cloudy or bloody urine
- Diabetes: metabolic disorder with high blood sugar levels
- Symptoms: increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss
- Pregnancy: prone to UTIs due to hormonal changes and pressure on the bladder
- Symptoms: frequent urination, discomfort or pain during urination, cloudy or bloody urine
- Kidney stones: hard deposits formed in the kidneys from minerals and salts
Diagnostic Factors in Urine Testing
- Ketones: high levels of blood acids indicate increased fat metabolism, possibly due to diabetes or fasting
- Proteins: presence in urine may indicate kidney damage or disease, dehydration, infection, or certain medications
- Glucose: presence in urine may indicate high blood sugar levels, often seen in uncontrolled diabetes
- hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin): presence indicates pregnancy, used in pregnancy tests
- Patient history: provides insights into past medical conditions, medications, lifestyle habits, and family history
- Vital signs: blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, which may indicate systemic issues or organ dysfunction
- Color and odor: changes in urine can provide clues about hydration levels, dietary habits, and certain medical conditions
- Dark urine: dehydration
- Foul-smelling urine: infection
- Orange or red urine: blood in the urine (hematuria), possibly due to kidney damage or parasitic infection
- Fruity odor: presence of ketones, indicating diabetes or starvation
- Cloudy urine: bacterial infection or UTI
Circulation and Body Defense
- Anatomy of the Heart:
- Atria: upper chambers receiving blood
- Ventricles: lower chambers pumping blood out of the heart
- Blood Vessels:
- Arteries: carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart
- Veins: return oxygen-depleted blood to the heart
- Capillaries: tiny blood vessels where gas exchange occurs
- Blood:
- Plasma: liquid portion containing water, proteins, and other solutes
- Cells: red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets
- Conditions:
- Anemia: decreased red blood cell count or hemoglobin levels
- Leukemia: cancer of the blood-forming tissues
- Hemophilia: genetic disorder impairing blood clotting
- Sickle Cell Anemia: inherited disorder causing abnormal hemoglobin production
- Atherosclerosis: buildup of plaque in the arteries, narrowing blood flow
Urinary System
- Kidneys: filter waste from blood, regulate electrolyte balance and blood pressure
- Ureters: tubes transporting urine from kidneys to the bladder
- Bladder: stores urine
- Urethra: tube through which urine exits the body
- Conditions:
- UTI: bacterial infection in the urinary system
- Kidney stones: hard deposits formed in the kidneys
- Renal failure: decreased kidney function leading to waste buildup in the body
Laboratory Professionals and Diagnostic Services
- Clinical Laboratory Technician: conducts laboratory tests, prepares specimens, analyzes results, and reports findings to medical staff
- Pharmacist: dispenses medications, provides patient education, and reviews prescriptions for accuracy and potential drug interactions
- Pharmacy Technician: assists pharmacists in dispensing medications and managing inventory, processes prescriptions, labels medication, and handles customer inquiries
- Phlebotomist: collects blood samples for laboratory testing, ensures proper labeling and handling of specimens
- Radiologist: medical doctor specializing in interpreting medical images, provides diagnostic reports to referring physicians
- Radiographer: operates imaging equipment to produce diagnostic images, positions patients correctly and ensures image quality
Study the steps involved in drawing blood safely and efficiently. Learn how to prepare patients, identify the right veins, and gather necessary supplies. Master the skills required for phlebotomy procedures.
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