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Phlebotomy Techniques: Drawing Blood
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Phlebotomy Techniques: Drawing Blood

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of discussing the procedure with the patient during phlebotomy?

  • To inspect the patient's arm for visible veins
  • To confirm the patient's identity
  • To obtain informed consent and reduce anxiety (correct)
  • To ensure the patient's vein is accessible

    • Which of the following veins is commonly used for phlebotomy?

  • Median basilic vein
  • Antecubital fossa
  • Cephalic vein
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What is the recommended angle for inserting the needle during phlebotomy?

  • 15-degree angle
  • 30-degree angle (correct)
  • 45-degree angle
  • 90-degree angle

    • What is the primary function of a tourniquet in phlebotomy?

    <p>To restrict blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of renal failure?

    <p>Fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of kidney stones?

    <p>Hard deposits formed from minerals and salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

    <p>Frequent urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of diabetes?

    <p>High blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential step in the phlebotomy process?

    <p>Performing hand washing techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in the phlebotomy process?

    <p>Cleaning up the space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible indication of high levels of blood acids in a patient's blood test results?

    <p>Ketones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of urinary tract infections in pregnant women?

    <p>Frequent urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out of the heart?

    <p>Ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

    <p>To filter waste from blood and regulate electrolyte balance and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a genetic disorder that impairs blood clotting?

    <p>Hemophilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct pathway of blood through the circulatory system?

    <p>Artery --&gt; arteriole --&gt; venule --&gt; capillary --&gt; vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a blood vessel getting smaller in diameter?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for white blood cells?

    <p>Leukocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition characterized by decreased red blood cell count or hemoglobin levels?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a hard deposit formed in the kidneys?

    <p>Kidney Stone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of a red blood cell?

    <p>Biconcave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of one-way valves in veins?

    <p>To prevent backflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of destruction for aged red blood cells?

    <p>Liver and Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mineral is necessary for normal hemoglobin production?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hemoglobin carry in red blood cells?

    <p>Oxygen and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blood flows through the pulmonary arteries?

    <p>Deoxygenated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a dark yellow color of urine indicate?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a fruity odor of urine indicate?

    <p>Breakdown of fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cloudy urine indicate?

    <p>Urinary tract infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the blood transport?

    <p>Hormones, heat, and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the atria in the heart?

    <p>Receiving blood returning to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries?

    <p>Atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

    <p>Filtering waste from blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the presence of high levels of blood acids in a patient's blood test results?

    <p>Ketones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the capillaries in the circulatory system?

    <p>Gas exchange between blood and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a bacterial infection in the urinary system?

    <p>UTI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a clinical laboratory technician?

    <p>Conducting laboratory tests on blood and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the presence of glucose in a patient's urine?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ureters in the urinary system?

    <p>Transporting urine from the kidneys to the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the cancer of the blood-forming tissues, including bone marrow?

    <p>Leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for discussing the procedure with the patient during phlebotomy?

    <p>To confirm patient identity and tests being drawn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical vein used for phlebotomy?

    <p>Antecubital fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a radiologist?

    <p>To provide diagnostic reports to referring physicians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a blood vessel getting smaller in diameter?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a tourniquet during phlebotomy?

    <p>To make the vein more visible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of kidney stones?

    <p>Severe pain in the back, side, or lower abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal percentage of hematocrit levels in the blood?

    <p>45% blood to 55% plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in the phlebotomy process?

    <p>Cleaning up the space and disposing of sharps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a Red Blood Cell?

    <p>Erythrocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of renal failure?

    <p>Inability to filter waste products from blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of plasma in the blood?

    <p>To carry nutrients, proteins, and platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of diabetes?

    <p>High blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a pale yellow color of urine indicate?

    <p>Hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended angle for inserting the needle during phlebotomy?

    <p>30-degree angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a White Blood Cell?

    <p>Leukocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cleaning the area with an alcohol wipe during phlebotomy?

    <p>To clean the skin before inserting the needle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition characterized by a low red blood cell count or hemoglobin levels?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

    <p>Frequent urination and burning sensation during urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the atria in the heart?

    <p>To bring blood into the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the spleen and liver in the circulatory system?

    <p>To destroy aged red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Phlebotomy Steps

    • Discuss with the patient what you will be doing and why, confirming patient name and tests being drawn.
    • Identify the vein to be used, commonly the antecubital fossa, median cephalic, or median basilic veins.
    • Gather needed supplies, perform proper hand washing techniques, and put on gloves.
    • Place a tourniquet and clean the area for 30 seconds with an alcohol wipe.
    • Insert the beveled needle at a 30-degree angle into the vessel, connecting vacutainers or using a syringe to drawback.
    • Properly label the tubes and send them to the laboratory for analysis.
    • Clean up space, ensuring all sharps are placed in a properly labeled sharps container.

    Career Profiles

    • Clinical Laboratory Technician: conducts laboratory tests, prepares specimens, analyzes results, and reports findings to medical staff.
    • Pharmacist: dispenses medications, provides patient education, and reviews prescriptions for accuracy and potential drug interactions.
    • Pharmacy Technician: assists pharmacists, processes prescriptions, labels medication, and handles customer inquiries.
    • Phlebotomist: collects blood samples, ensures proper labeling and handling of specimens, and adheres to safety protocols.
    • Radiologist: interprets medical images, provides diagnostic reports, and requires extensive medical training and expertise in diagnostic imaging.
    • Radiographer: operates imaging equipment, positions patients correctly, and ensures image quality.

    Urinary System

    • Kidneys: filter waste from blood, regulate electrolyte balance and blood pressure.
    • Ureters: transport urine from kidneys to the bladder.
    • Bladder: stores urine.
    • Urethra: tube through which urine exits the body.
    • Conditions:
      • Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): bacterial infection in the urinary tract.
      • Kidney Stones: hard deposits formed in the kidneys from minerals and salts.
      • Renal Failure: decreased kidney function leading to waste buildup in the body.

    Circulation and Body Defense

    • Anatomy of the Heart:
      • Atria: upper chambers of the heart receiving blood.
      • Ventricles: lower chambers pumping blood out of the heart.
    • Blood Vessels:
      • Arteries: carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.
      • Veins: return oxygen-depleted blood to the heart.
      • Capillaries: tiny blood vessels where gas exchange occurs.
    • Blood:
      • Plasma: liquid portion of blood containing water, proteins, and other solutes.
      • Cells: red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets.
    • Conditions:
      • Anemia: decreased red blood cell count or hemoglobin levels.
      • Leukemia: cancer of the blood-forming tissues, including bone marrow.
      • Hemophilia: genetic disorder impairing blood clotting.
      • Sickle Cell Anemia: inherited disorder causing abnormal hemoglobin production.
      • Atherosclerosis: buildup of plaque in the arteries, narrowing blood flow.

    Diagnostic Factors

    • Ketones: high levels of blood acids, indicating increased fat metabolism, potentially due to diabetes or fasting.
    • Proteins: presence in urine may indicate kidney damage or disease, dehydration, infection, or certain medications.
    • Glucose: presence in urine may indicate high blood sugar levels, often seen in uncontrolled diabetes.
    • hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin): presence indicates pregnancy, used in pregnancy tests to detect early signs of pregnancy.
    • Patient History: provides insights into past medical conditions, medications, lifestyle habits, and family history.
    • Vital Signs: blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, which may indicate systemic issues or organ dysfunction.
    • Color and Odor: changes in urine can provide clues about hydration levels, dietary habits, and certain medical conditions.

    Blood

    • Composition: 45% blood to 55% plasma.
    • Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell): biconcave shape.
    • Leukocyte (White Blood Cell): part of the immune system.
    • Thrombocyte (Platelet): involved in blood clotting.
    • Hemoglobin: carries oxygen in red blood cells, an oxygen transporter, and a pigment in blood.
    • Hematocrit levels: 45% blood to 55% plasma.

    Urine Analysis

    • Color:
      • Dark yellow: dehydration.
      • Pale light yellow: hydration.
      • Orange/Red: blood in the urine (hematuria).
    • Odor:
      • Fruity: presence of ketones.
      • Foul: presence of bacteria.
    • Transparency:
      • Clear: normal urine samples.
      • Cloudy: potential UTI or presence of blood cells or pus.

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    Description

    Learn the steps involved in drawing blood safely and efficiently. This quiz covers the key procedures, including confirming patient information, identifying the vein, and gathering necessary supplies.

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