Phlebotomy Safety Protocols Quiz
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Questions and Answers

A phlebotomy technician is at greatest risk for exposure to which blood borne pathogen following a needlestick injury?

  • Hepatitis A virus (HAV)
  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) (correct)
  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

    • Phlebotomists should use droplet precautions when collecting blood from a patient with active mycobacterium tuberculosis.

    False (B)

    What type of mask should be worn when entering an airborne isolation room?

    NIOSH-certified N95 or higher-level mask

    Phlebotomists must wear a _______ when interacting with a patient who has a 'Contact Precautions' sign on their door.

    <p>gown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional piece of personal protective equipment must a phlebotomist wear besides gloves when monitoring a patient on droplet precautions?

    <p>Mask (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the event of a chemical spill, to which resource should a phlebotomist refer for cleanup directions?

    <p>SDS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one action that demonstrates proficiency in aseptic technique for a phlebotomist.

    <p>Proper needle insertion angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of precautions with their associated situations:

    <p>Droplet precautions = Used for illnesses transmitted by respiratory droplets Airborne precautions = Used for illnesses like tuberculosis Contact precautions = Used for infections spread through direct contact Standard precautions = Used universally for all patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general concept behind standard precautions?

    <p>Assume that all body fluids are infected with bloodborne pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A phlebotomy technician should wear a gown when performing a venipuncture for a patient with pneumonia.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transmission-based precautions should be implemented when testing for streptococcal pharyngitis?

    <p>Droplet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nosocomial infection is an infection acquired while in the __________.

    <p>hospital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should a phlebotomist avoid using a site with burned skin for venipuncture?

    <p>Increased risk of infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What equipment is required when obtaining a blood specimen from a patient suspected of having mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?

    <p>N95 respirator (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wearing a surgical mask is the only additional PPE required for a patient on contact isolation precautions.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following organizations with their roles in regulating laboratory hazards:

    <p>DEA = Regulates controlled substances OSHA = Regulates workplace safety and exposure to hazards CLIA = Regulates laboratory testing standards FDA = Regulates food, drugs, and medical devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key reason for following aseptic techniques during phlebotomy procedures?

    <p>To decrease the risk of infection to patients and phlebotomists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cleansing skin with sodium hypochlorite is an action included in aseptic technique during venipuncture.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a phlebotomist use to clean visibly soiled hands?

    <p>Soap and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Immediately after a needle stick injury, the employee should clean the site with ______.

    <p>soap &amp; water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization mandates the use of safety features on needles and their immediate disposal in a biohazard container?

    <p>OSHA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Standard precautions are only applied to secretions that contain blood.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the action with its corresponding requirement after a needle stick injury.

    <p>Report the exposure to the supervisor = Required Check the patient’s HIV status = Not required Clean with soap &amp; water = Required Make the site bleed = Not recommended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the event of a large spill involving venous blood, a phlebotomist should ______ the laboratory.

    <p>evacuate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common type of nosocomial infection in the United States?

    <p>Urinary tract infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radiation exposure has long-term effects and is cumulative.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best defense against HBV infection?

    <p>HBV vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A pathogen is an organism capable of causing __________.

    <p>disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is classified as an engineering control according to OSHA BBP standards?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A trash can with burning paper is classed as a Type ___ fire.

    <p>A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease does NOT involve a blood borne pathogen?

    <p>Tuberculosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the disease with its transmission type:

    <p>HIV = Blood borne pathogen Malaria = Vector-borne Syphilis = Sexually transmitted Tuberculosis = Airborne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'CHF' stand for?

    <p>congestive heart failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The abbreviation 'DOB' stands for 'date of birth'.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'PTT' stand for in medical terminology?

    <p>partial prothromboplastin time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'peri' means _____ in medical terminology.

    <p>around</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'gtt' refer to in a medical context?

    <p>drops (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'cyt' refer to?

    <p>Cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their meanings:

    <p>PKU = Phenylketonuria INR = International normalized ratio BUN = Blood Urea Nitrogen PT = Patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'statis' refers to stopping or controlling.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The abbreviation NKDA stands for 'no known drug allergies.'

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'hemoglobin'?

    <p>oxygen in the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the prefix 'hypo'?

    <p>Low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'thromb' is associated with ______.

    <p>Clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Angina = Chest pain due to reduced blood flow Epinephrine = A hormone that increases heart rate Hypoglycemia = Low blood sugar levels Hemoglobin = Protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix 'itis' indicate?

    <p>Inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'poly' means many.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define the abbreviation FBS.

    <p>Fasting blood sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Needlestick Injury

    A puncture wound caused by a needle, potentially exposing the technician to bloodborne pathogens.

    Bloodborne Pathogens

    Disease-causing microorganisms found in blood, transmitted through contact with infected blood.

    Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

    A virus that causes inflammation of the liver, transmitted through exposure to infected blood.

    Airborne Precautions

    Used to prevent the spread of diseases transmitted through the air, like tuberculosis.

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    Droplet Precautions

    Used for diseases spread through respiratory droplets, like influenza.

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    Contact Precautions

    Prevents the spread of diseases through contact with contaminated surfaces or patients.

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    SDS (Safety Data Sheet)

    A document providing information on the hazards and safe handling of a chemical.

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    Aseptic Technique

    Practices that prevent contamination during procedures like venipuncture, maintaining sterility.

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    What are aseptic techniques?

    Procedures used by phlebotomists during blood draws to minimize the risk of infection to patients and phlebotomists.

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    Why are aseptic techniques important?

    They reduce the chances of infection for both the patient and the phlebotomist during blood collection.

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    What is included in aseptic technique?

    Actions taken during a venipuncture to prevent contamination, like cleansing the skin with an antiseptic and performing hand hygiene.

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    How to clean visibly soiled hands?

    Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water.

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    What to do after a needlestick injury?

    Immediately bleed the site, clean with antiseptic, and report the incident to your supervisor.

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    What to do after a needlestick from an HIV positive patient?

    Report the exposure to your supervisor immediately.

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    What mandates safety needles and disposal?

    OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) mandates the use of safety needles and immediate disposal as one unit in a biohazard container after use.

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    What are standard precautions?

    Precautions that healthcare workers take with all patients, regardless of their diagnosis or presumed infection status, to prevent the transmission of infections.

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    Standard Precautions

    Treating all bodily fluids as potentially infectious.

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    PPE for Pneumonia Patients

    Besides gloves, a face mask should be worn when performing venipuncture on a patient with pneumonia.

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    Transmission-Based Precautions

    Specific infection control measures based on the mode of transmission of a disease.

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    Nosocomial Infection

    An infection acquired in a healthcare setting.

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    Why Avoid Burned Skin for Venipuncture?

    Burned skin poses an increased risk of infection during venipuncture.

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    PPE for Tuberculosis

    An N95 respirator is required for venipuncture when a patient is suspected of having a mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

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    Contact Isolation Precautions

    Patients on contact precautions require a gown in addition to standard gloves.

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    OSHA's Role

    The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulates laboratory chemical hazards and exposure.

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    Peri-

    A prefix meaning 'around' or 'surrounding'.

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    CHF

    Congestive Heart Failure. A condition where the heart cannot pump blood effectively.

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    DOB

    Date of Birth. The date a person was born.

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    Hemoglobin (Hb)

    A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.

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    PO

    By mouth. A route of medication administration.

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    Statis

    A state of stopping or inactivity. Often refers to a stoppage in blood flow.

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    A- prefix

    Indicates 'without' or 'lack of'.

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    BUN

    Blood Urea Nitrogen. A test that measures the amount of nitrogen waste in the blood.

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    Engineering Controls

    Physical or mechanical devices designed to reduce or eliminate occupational bloodborne pathogen exposure.

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    HBV Vaccination

    The most effective way to prevent hepatitis B infection.

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    What are the key elements of the OSHA BBP standard?

    The OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard aims to protect healthcare workers from exposure to infectious bodily fluids, specifying exposure control plans, training, and safety measures.

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    Radiation Exposure

    Exposure to radiation accumulates over time, potentially causing long-term health effects.

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    What are the most common types of nosocomial infections?

    Nosocomial infections, also known as hospital-acquired infections, are common in healthcare settings. The most prevalent ones include urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, and wound infections.

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    Type C Fire

    A fire involving energized electrical equipment.

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    Isolation Apparel Order

    When putting on isolation apparel, the proper order is gown, mask, gloves.

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    Tourniquet Contamination

    Contaminated tourniquets with visible blood should be disposed of in a biohazard bag.

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    -pathy

    A suffix meaning 'disease' or 'condition'.

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    Study Notes

    Chapter 1 Review Questions

    • National phlebotomists require 12 hours of continuing education per year to renew their license.
    • 0.5 hours per month or 6 hours per year of continuing education is needed.
    • The study of nonverbal/body language communications is called kinesics.
    • HIPAA stands for the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.
    • The American Certification Agency certifies national phlebotomy licenses.
    • Clinical laboratory departments include chemistry, microbiology, and urinalysis. Radiology is not a clinical lab department.

    Chapter 2 Review Questions

    • An organization that establishes standards for hospitals and healthcare facilities is the American Hospital Association.
    • Reducing the liability of exposure to injury is risk management.
    • The manual that describes chemical, electrical, and radiation safety in the lab is the Safety Data Sheets.
    • Informed consent means the patient understands the procedure and its consequences
    • A national organization that develops guidelines and standards for laboratory procedures is the College of American Pathologists (CAP).
    • Failure to keep privileged medical information private is a breach of confidentiality or invasion of privacy.
    • The phlebotomist's explanation of the procedure before drawing blood is an example of implied consent.
    • A physician is the employer of a phlebotomist who injures a patient, and is sued for negligence, this is called respondent superior.
    • A medical record serves as a legal document and includes patient treatment information.

    Chapter 3 Study Guide Questions

    • Quality control logs, standard precautions, and disaster emergency plans are parts of aseptic technique.
    • A phlebotomist should wear sterile gloves, a gown, and shoe covers, when there is a possibility of body fluid splashes.
    • The appropriate technique after applying antiseptic to a venipuncture site is to allow it to air dry.
    • The first step a phlebotomist should take to prevent infection spread is washing hands with antimicrobial soap and water.
    • OSHA regulates universal precautions, accuracy of laboratory results, and patient privacy.
    • Cleaning up a blood spill on a counter involves sterilization and containment.
    • When a patient is unresponsive and not breathing, a phlebotomist should place the patient in a supine position.
    • A clinical laboratory should use emailed, called, or faxed reports to report results. In person reporting is acceptable as well.
    • A phlebotomist should use a unique identifier when registering a patient, which includes the room number, bed label, or the verbal confirmation of the patient.
    • Drawing blood without consent from a patient could lead to charges of negligence or malpractice.
    • Using a patient's login password to access their lab results is a breach of confidentiality and is regulated by HIPAA.
    • Misidentifying patients, breaching patient confidentiality, or releasing results without permission can lead to liability for the phlebotomist.
    • Improper or unskilled care of a patient by a healthcare team member is negligence.
    • Restraining a patient against their will to draw blood could lead to patient charges of assault and battery.
    • A phlebotomist should identify a patient using a three-part identification system to identify the patient by number.
    • When a chemical spill occurs, phlebotomists should refer to the safety data sheets for cleanup procedures.
    • A phlebotomist must use a mask, gown, and possibly gloves in a patient room for a patient with active tuberculosis or in a room with contact precautions.
    • When a chemical spill occurs, phlebotomists have to follow procedures in the Safety Data Sheets (SDS).
    • An accidental needlestick requires immediate cleaning with soap and water and reporting to the supervisor.
    • An OSHA-compliant safety practice is using safety features on needles and immediately disposing them in a biohazard container.

    Chapter 3 Study Guide – Matching

    • There are matching key terms and definitions that should be reviewed and memorized in this book.

    Chapter 4 Study Guide – Matching

    • There are matching key terms and definitions that should be reviewed and memorized in this book.

    Chapter 4 Study Guide – Questions

    • Study the questions and answers in this section.

    Chapter 5 Study Guides

    • The skeletal system supports, protects, and produces blood cells.
    • Proximal is closest to the middle of the body.
    • Upper extremities include an arm and a hand and a wrist.
    • A patient who is lying face down is in a prone position.
    • The avascular layer of the skin is the subcutaneous layer.
    • Homeostasis is the ability for the body to maintain a stable state.
    • The body plane referring to the front is anterior.
    • The body plane referring to the back is posterior.
    • Metabolism involves all the chemical processes in the body to produce energy.
    • The human body contains approximately 206 bones.
    • The circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues.
    • A patient in a medical emergency is described as unconscious, still, and possibly cyanotic. The appropriate protocol is to assess the patient, perform the head tilt/chin lift maneuver, check the ABCs of airway, breathing, and circulation, and possibly administer CPR as required.
    • A list of common terms, abbreviations, and medical procedures is provided.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on safety protocols for phlebotomists, including exposure risks, required personal protective equipment, and precautions for various infections. This quiz covers critical practices for maintaining safety and aseptic techniques in the field of phlebotomy.

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