Phlebotomy Class Notes
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of The Joint Commission (TJC)?

  • To protect patient privacy and ensure confidentiality
  • Develop standards of care for patients and are made from representatives from the field
  • To provide a standardized method for incident reporting
  • To look out for patients and to establish standards (correct)

Which of the following is NOT considered a sharp?

  • Lancets
  • IV Needles
  • Capillary Tubes
  • Gauze (correct)

What is the primary purpose of a hospital band for inpatient identification?

  • To verify patient identity through a photo ID
  • To track patient's medications and test results (correct)
  • To provide a paper trail of patient procedures
  • To inform staff about patient allergies and medical history

According to HIPAA, what information is considered confidential and requires written permission to disclose?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered trash in a phlebotomy setting?

<p>Lancets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for identifying oneself and confirming patient information before drawing blood?

<p>To ensure the right patient is being drawn (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the patient's nonverbal cues impact a phlebotomist's actions?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the Patient Bill of Rights?

<p>Patients have the right to refuse treatment and understand what tests are being performed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper dilution of bleach for cleaning bodily fluids?

<p>1:10 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of times a phlebotomist should attempt to draw blood from a patient before seeking assistance?

<p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order for drawing blood tubes?

<p>EDTA, Heparin, Serum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper way to clean a blood spill?

<p>Use a 10% bleach solution and let it sit for 10 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate action to take if you experience a needlestick injury?

<p>Immediately wash the exposed area with soap and water for 15 minutes, report to your supervisor, and fill out an exposure form. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where the bevel of the needle is not fully in the vein, resulting in leakage between the skin and the vein?

<p>Hematoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper technique for performing a heel stick?

<p>The heel stick should be performed on the <em>outer portions</em> of the feet, avoiding the heel bone. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a patient declines care?

<p>Report to the supervisor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of consent involves permission that is not given verbally or in writing?

<p>Implied consent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a lower gauge number in needles indicate?

<p>A larger needle size (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if there is a discrepancy in patient information?

<p>Admit to the mistake and verify (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate response if a patient is on blood thinners?

<p>Monitor the patient for excessive bleeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of handling PPE is emphasized for basic safety?

<p>Cleaning glasses regularly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hemolysis in relation to blood samples?

<p>Red blood cells bursting open (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a lab safety rule?

<p>Touching electrical equipment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tube is primarily used for coagulation studies?

<p>Light blue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the dark blue tube with a red stripe?

<p>Used for heavy metals and toxicology reports (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tubes is used for type and screen ratios?

<p>Pink (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym HIPAA stand for?

<p>Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes a complete metabolic panel from a basic metabolic panel?

<p>It tests for full metabolic function, not just partials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In case of an exposure incident, what information must be documented in the sharps log container?

<p>Type and brand of device involved (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pathogen transmission involves contact with mucous membranes?

<p>Droplet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of tubes can be used to assess platelet levels?

<p>Lavender and pink (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern for employees working with blood?

<p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard procedure if a patient faints during a procedure?

<p>Do not disclose what happened (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to prepare both the arm and the bottle for blood culture collection?

<p>Chloroprep both the arm and the bottle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tubes contains lithium heparin?

<p>Light green tube (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the discard tube?

<p>To prevent contamination of samples (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color tube is primarily used for a complete blood count?

<p>Lavender (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inspection is implemented when a workplace is suspected of being hazardous?

<p>Imminent Danger Inspection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the platelet phase in the homeostasis process?

<p>To form a temporary platelet plug at the injury site (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the coagulation phase in hemostasis?

<p>Activation of plasmin to break down the fibrin clot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inspection is considered the least common?

<p>Fatality or accident inspection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vascular phase in hemostasis?

<p>To constrict blood vessels and slow down blood flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used to evaluate the intrinsic pathway of coagulation?

<p>Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of plasmin in the hemostasis process?

<p>To break down the fibrin clot and remove it from the injury site (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the use of PT/INR and PTT tests?

<p>PT/INR is used to monitor anticoagulants and PTT is used to assess the overall clotting ability of blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Median Cubital Vein

The median cubital vein is a common site for venipuncture, located in the antecubital fossa, where the elbow bends. It is a large, easily accessible vein suitable for blood draws.

Cephalic Vein

The cephalic vein is another common site for venipuncture, located on the lateral (thumb side) of the forearm. It runs along the outside of the upper arm, making it easily accessible and suitable for blood draws.

Basilic Vein

The basilic vein is located on the medial (pinky) side of the forearm, running along the inner part of the upper arm. It's often selected for blood draws, though it may be more difficult to access.

Sharps

Sharps are medical devices that can puncture or cut the skin, posing risks to both patients and healthcare workers. They include needles, lancets, and other sharp objects that require careful handling and disposal.

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Trash

Trash in a healthcare setting includes materials that are considered non-hazardous and can be disposed of through regular waste channels. This can include bandages, tapes, and certain other materials.

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The Joint Commission (TJC)

The Joint Commission (TJC) is an independent, non-profit organization that accredits healthcare organizations and sets national standards for patient safety and quality of care.

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Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)

The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) is a global, non-profit organization that develops standards for clinical and laboratory practices, enhancing patient care and safety by promoting best practices.

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HIPPA

HIPAA stands for Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, a federal law designed to protect patients' health information and ensure privacy. Healthcare providers must abide by these privacy and security standards.

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Battery

Taking action without implied or communicated permission from the patient.

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Expressed Consent

Verbal or written communication from the patient giving permission for a procedure.

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Implied Consent

Permission assumed from the patient's actions, like extending their arm for a blood draw.

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OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)

A federal agency that sets workplace safety standards, including bloodborne pathogen regulations.

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Inversion

The process of completely inverting blood collection tubes multiple times to ensure proper mixing of the blood with additives.

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ICD-10

A collection of codes used to classify diseases and health conditions.

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Butterfly Needle

A type of blood collection needle with wings on the sides for stability and control.

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Hemolysis

A condition where red blood cells are damaged or destroyed, causing the blood to appear pinkish and foamy.

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Imminent Danger Inspection

This type of workplace inspection is conducted when a workplace is suspected to be hazardous, potentially due to reports or complaints.

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Fatality or Accident Inspection

This is the least common type of workplace inspection, focusing on events where a fatality or severe accident has occurred.

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Programmed Inspection

This inspection type involves a planned and scheduled review of a workplace's safety practices and conditions.

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Hemostasis

This is the natural healing process that happens after an injury to a blood vessel. It involves a series of steps to stop bleeding and repair the damaged vessel.

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Vascular Phase

This is the first step in the hemostasis process, where the injured blood vessel constricts to slow down blood flow.

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Platelet Phase

In this phase, platelets are activated by injury to the blood vessel lining. These platelets then adhere to the injured site and form a temporary plug.

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Coagulation Phase

This phase involves a cascade of clotting factors that create a stable fibrin clot to permanently repair the damaged vessel.

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Fibrinolysis

This is the final phase of hemostasis where the clot is broken down and removed by a specialized enzyme.

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Order of Draw

A standardized order of drawing blood into different tubes, ensuring certain additives are collected before others.

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EDTA Tube

A blood collection tube containing additives that prevent blood clotting and allow proper testing of certain blood components.

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Bleach Decontamination

A method of cleaning bodily fluids and contaminated surfaces with a bleach solution to prevent the spread of infections.

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Fibrin Degradation Product (FDP)

A blood test that measures the rate of breakdown of fibrin, a protein involved in blood clotting.

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Homochron

A point-of-care test used to monitor the effectiveness of blood thinners, specifically measuring the prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR).

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Start Tube (Discard Tube)

A type of blood tube used for discarding blood, generally clear or red colored.

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Light Blue Tube

Filled with sodium citrate, this tube is used for coagulation studies such as prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT).

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Dark Blue Tube with Red Stripe

This tube has no additive and is mainly used for heavy metal and toxicology reports.

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Red Tube

Used for serum tests and can be used with or without a clot activator. Common test types include hormone studies and therapeutic drug monitoring.

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Gold/Tiger/Marble Tube (SST)

This tube contains a clot activator and thixotropic gel, designed for chemistry tests such as complete metabolic panels and basic metabolic tests.

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Light Green Tube

Contains lithium heparin and thixotropic gel, ideal for tests like HCG (pregnancy hormone), HCG qualitative and quantitative, and electrolyte tests.

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Dark Green Tube

This tube contains sodium heparin additive and is used for ammonia tests. It should be placed on ice for optimal results. Also used for lithium levels and flow cytometry.

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Pink Tube

Contains potassium EDTA, used for blood type and screen, crossmatching, and viral load monitoring.

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Lavender Tube

This tube contains EDTA additive and is used for complete blood count (CBC), sickle cell testing, and anemia.

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Grey Tube

Contains sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate, typically used for oral glucose and lactic acid tests.

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Blood Culture Tube (BCX)

This tube is used for blood cultures, which are tests for bacterial growth in the blood.

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Plasma

The liquid portion of unclotted blood that still contains clotting factors.

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Serum

The liquid portion of blood that has clotted, leaving behind the fibrinogen and clotting factors.

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Study Notes

Phlebotomy Class Notes

  • Veins: Common veins used for venipuncture include: median cubital, cephalic (thumb), basilic. Also cephalic (pinky), and dorsal veins in the hand.
  • Sharps: IV needles, hubs, tubes, lancets, glass slides, capillary tubes, and soaked gauze are considered sharps.
  • Trash: Gauze, tape, and band-aids are considered trash.
  • Patient Introductions: Introduce yourself as a phlebotomist, ask for their name, date of birth (DOB), and have them spell their name. Pay attention to body language and verbal cues.
  • Patient Identification: Outpatients need state-issued ID with DOB for verification. Inpatients need a hospital band with the same information.
  • Discrepancies: If there are discrepancies in patient information, do not proceed.
  • Patient Needs: Pay attention to nonverbal cues, and swiftly remove the needle if the patient requests.
  • Communication and Consent: Communicate with patients and receive consent before procedures.
  • HIPAA: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Obtain written permission before sharing patient information.
  • Incident Reports: Patients have the right to decline tests and treatment, if patient declines, report to the supervisor.
  • Safety and Procedures: Follow OSHA and HIPAA guidelines, and report potential safety issues to a supervisor for review if necessary.
  • Homeostasis: Blood vessel repair has three stages. The vascular, platelet, and coagulation phases.
  • Venipuncture Tubes and Preparation: Tube colors and additives have specific roles in lab processing, and proper technique is critical to prevent errors.
  • Tube Identification Color Codes:
    • Light blue (sodium citrate): For coagulation studies
    • Red (clot activator): For serum testing
    • Gold/Tiger/Marble (silica/gel separator): For chemistry
    • Light Green (lithium heparin/gel): For hematology
    • Green (sodium heparin): For hematology
    • Pink (potassium EDTA): For hematology
    • Lavender (EDTA): For hematology tests
    • Grey (sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate): For chemistry
  • Tubing Meaning and Usage: Different colored tubes have specific uses and should be used appropriately.
  • Capillary Sticks: How to perform capillary sticks for infants and preemies.
  • Exposure Control and Pathogens: Always handle potentially infectious material with care. Treat all patients as if they were infected with pathogen.
  • Procedure to Follow: Cleanse area, use proper sizing needle, follow procedure for particular condition.
  • Hemostasis: Hemostasis is the process of stopping blood loss from an injured blood vessel through various responses. Don't turn off IV if needed for draw, use opposite arm when needed.

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Phlebotomy Class Notes (1/11/2025)

Description

Explore key concepts in phlebotomy including patient identification, common veins used for venipuncture, and the importance of communication with patients. This quiz will enhance your understanding of safety protocols and best practices in phlebotomy. Test your knowledge on patient interactions and sharps management.

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