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Questions and Answers
Humans evolved from the species Homo sapiens to modern hominids.
Humans evolved from the species Homo sapiens to modern hominids.
False
A 'person' is defined as an individual with the capacity for self-awareness and meaningful interaction.
A 'person' is defined as an individual with the capacity for self-awareness and meaningful interaction.
True
The concept of 'human progress' refers exclusively to intellectual advancements without societal changes.
The concept of 'human progress' refers exclusively to intellectual advancements without societal changes.
False
According to the biblical perspective, humans are considered descendants of Adam and Eve.
According to the biblical perspective, humans are considered descendants of Adam and Eve.
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The term 'Mammalia' classifies individuals based on their performance of rational thought.
The term 'Mammalia' classifies individuals based on their performance of rational thought.
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The cognitive self represents the visible aspects of a person, such as appearance and body type.
The cognitive self represents the visible aspects of a person, such as appearance and body type.
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An embodied spirit indicates a complete union where the body and spirit can function independently.
An embodied spirit indicates a complete union where the body and spirit can function independently.
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Self-determination involves making decisions independently and being responsible for those decisions.
Self-determination involves making decisions independently and being responsible for those decisions.
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Dignity is seen as the inherent value of every human life and can be stripped away without consequences to humanity.
Dignity is seen as the inherent value of every human life and can be stripped away without consequences to humanity.
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Transcendence is defined as the ability to surpass one's limits through physical, mental, and spiritual growth.
Transcendence is defined as the ability to surpass one's limits through physical, mental, and spiritual growth.
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Study Notes
Philosophy of the Human Person
- Jean-Paul Sartre's quote: "Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself."
- Key competencies: Recognizing how the human body limits and expands possibilities for transcendence, evaluating personal limitations and possibilities for transcendence.
- Key concepts: Definition of "man," "human," and "person," the human person as an embodied spirit, self-awareness, interiority, externality, and human transcendence.
- Human classifications: Humans are part of the Mammalia classification and are categorized as "Human beings," distinguishing them from animals.
- Human vs. Person: "Human" refers to the species Homo sapiens while "person" denotes individuals with unique qualities like self-awareness, rationality, and the ability to interact meaningfully.
- Two perspectives on human origins: Biblical view sees humans as descendants of Adam and Eve, created by God with purpose and dignity. Scientific view posits evolution from hominids to modern Homo sapiens.
- Evolution of human civilization: Humans progressed from Hominid to Homo Sapiens through intellectual and social growth, evolving beyond traditional ways by developing systems for power, politics, and economic systems.
- Components of the human person: Body (tangible physical form), Mind (seat of thoughts, beliefs, and dreams), and Spirit (core of emotions, decisions, and identity).
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Types of self:
- Cognitive Self: Internal, unseen aspects like beliefs, desires, and intentions ("What" of a person—inner self).
- Physical Self: Visible, tangible aspects like appearance and body type ("Who" of a person—outer self).
- Embodied spirit: The unity of body and soul, where the body provides physical form to the spirit, enabling thoughts, actions, and decisions. The spirit and body are interdependent and cannot function independently.
- Embodied spirit and actions: Thoughts and emotions are expressed through the body, and sensations lead to feelings and actions. For example, happiness might be expressed through a smile showcasing the interconnectedness of physical and emotional aspects.
- Human qualities as embodied spirits: Self-awareness, interiority, externality, self-determination, and dignity (inherent value of human life).
- Importance of dignity: Stripping away rights undermines humanity, as exemplified by slavery.
- Human Transcendence: The ability to surpass limitations through physical, mental, and spiritual growth, enabling individuals to rise above challenges, such as poverty, by recognizing their abilities and acting on them. Key insight: Even in challenging circumstances, humans have the ability to transcend their current circumstances.
- Examples of transcendence: Buddhism's concept of suffering as universal but overcomeable, achieved through meditation and reflection and following the Eightfold Path (Right View, Right Intention, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration). Everyday examples include learning new skills, helping others despite personal challenges.
- Why transcendence matters: Self-improvement, connecting with others, and transformation lead to growth, success, and fulfillment.
Activity: Know Yourself
- Reflection points: To know yourself better: consider Strengths (abilities/talents), Weaknesses (fears/limitations), and Desires (what you want to do/accomplish). Identify limits you want to surpass.
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Description
Explore the key concepts surrounding the philosophy of the human person, including definitions of 'man' and 'human,' as well as the nature of self-awareness and transcendence. Engage with perspectives on human origins from both biblical and scientific viewpoints. This quiz will challenge your understanding of what it means to be a person in a philosophical context.
