Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
How does David Hume describe the self?
What does Gilbert Ryle assert about the nature of the self?
According to Paul and Patricia Churchland, what is inseparable from the self?
What does Maurice Merleau-Ponty mean by 'embodied subjectivity'?
Signup and view all the answers
Immanuel Kant believes the self plays what role in our experiences?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the sociological perspective suggest about the self?
Signup and view all the answers
How does modernization affect the concept of the self, according to the provided content?
Signup and view all the answers
Which issue is associated with the delocalization of the self in modern society?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'philosophy' literally mean?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of Socrates' philosophy?
Signup and view all the answers
According to Plato, a follower of truth and wisdom will:
Signup and view all the answers
Which philosopher suggested that the soul is the essence of a person?
Signup and view all the answers
What concept is associated with René Descartes?
Signup and view all the answers
What did John Locke mean by 'tabula rasa'?
Signup and view all the answers
What does St. Augustine emphasize in his philosophy concerning the body and soul?
Signup and view all the answers
What method did Socrates develop to foster self-knowledge?
Signup and view all the answers
What does dehumanization of self refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
According to Nietzsche, how is the self defined?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key aspect of the post-modern view of the self?
Signup and view all the answers
How is the self created according to the social construct view?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Nietzsche suggest about transforming the self?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do memories play in self-creation?
Signup and view all the answers
According to Mead, the conception of self emerges from what?
Signup and view all the answers
What concept does 'struggling with cultural hassles' relate to in self-creation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the 'Me' in the concept of self?
Signup and view all the answers
At what stage do children start to mimic those around them, according to Mead's stages of development?
Signup and view all the answers
Which component of self emphasizes an individual's interaction with societal attitudes?
Signup and view all the answers
What does enculturation refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which perspective highlights the significance of genes in cultural development?
Signup and view all the answers
In William James' distinction of self, what does the 'I' self refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which age range corresponds to the Game Stage of self-development according to Mead?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of self-awareness allows individuals to assume responsibility for their conduct?
Signup and view all the answers
Which component of the self-concept represents an individual's perception of who they want to be?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Carl Rogers emphasize as the driving force behind human behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of Freud's personality theory is characterized as being present from birth and operating on the pleasure principle?
Signup and view all the answers
How is global self-esteem primarily defined?
Signup and view all the answers
Which principle does the ego operate on?
Signup and view all the answers
At what age does the superego typically begin to emerge?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of self-esteem is determined by temporary feelings linked to specific situations?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of the superego in Freud's model?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Philosophy of Self
- Philosophy derives from Greek words "Philo" (love) and "Sophia" (wisdom), referring to the pursuit of knowledge and rational inquiry regarding human existence and the world.
Key Philosophers and Their Views
- Socrates: First martyr of education; emphasized "know thyself." Stressed happiness as life's goal and used introspection for self-understanding through the Socratic method.
- Plato: Socrates' student; aligned with knowing oneself leads to moral behavior and truth.
- Aristotle: Viewed body and soul as unified; defined the soul as the essence of the self.
- St. Augustine: United Plato's ideas with Christianity; stated "I am doubting, therefore I am" and saw the soul as defining the individual.
- Rene Descartes: Formulated "I think, therefore I am," asserting self-conscious thought as proof of existence and identity.
- John Locke: Believed the self is conscious and formed from experiences; introduced the idea of the mind as "tabula rasa."
- David Hume: Proposed there is no self, suggesting that identity is merely a collection of experiences and perceptions.
- Gilbert Ryle: Defined the self through behavior; encapsulated in "I act, therefore I am."
- Paul and Patricia Churchland: Argued the brain constitutes the self, dismissing the existence of the mind as a separate entity.
- Maurice Merleau-Ponty: Emphasized subjectivity in self-awareness, indicating the self cannot be fully objectified.
- Immanuel Kant: Claiming we construct the self, posited that it organizes perceptions to create a coherent reality.
Sociological Perspective of Self
- Self-concept is influenced by social settings; it cannot be developed in isolation.
- Modernization produces a delocalized self, leading to unique identity searches and potential alienation.
- Clifford Geertz: Asserted modern identity struggles are crucial and intrinsically linked to societal contexts.
- Proposed solutions include dismantling repressive structures that obscure self-awareness.
Self as Friction & Postmodern Views
- Frederick Nietzsche: Characterized the self as a metaphor for individual actions and representations of abstract concepts.
- The self is dynamic, akin to a narrative encompassing both written and unwritten stories, including digital identities created online.
Mead’s Theory of Self
- George Herbert Mead: Defined the self as emerging through social interaction, consisting of "I" (individual response) and "Me" (social perceptions).
-
Three Stages of Development:
- Preparatory Self: Mimicking behavior (0-2 years)
- Play Stage: Role-playing (2-6 years)
- Game Stage: Following rules in interactions.
Anthropological Perspective of Self
- Anthropology examines the self from various cultural, historical, and biological angles, reinforcing that culture significantly impacts individual identity formation.
Psychological Perspective of Self
- The self is framed as a cognitive construction reflecting personal experiences and identity.
- William James: Differentiated "I" (self-awareness) and "Me" (empirical self), further divided into material, social, and spiritual selves.
- Carl Rogers: Emphasized the self as flexible, developing through interactions with others. His self-concept consists of self-image, ideal self, and self-esteem.
-
Sigmund Freud: Introduced the structural model of personality:
- Id: Primitive urges, guided by the pleasure principle.
- Ego: Balances desires with reality.
- Superego: Emerges with social norms and ethics around age five.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on the key philosophers and their views about the nature of the self. Explore concepts from Socrates to Descartes and examine their contributions to our understanding of identity and existence. This quiz covers foundational ideas in philosophical thought regarding self-knowledge and consciousness.