Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the term 'will' primarily signify in relation to action?
What does the term 'will' primarily signify in relation to action?
- A detached thought process.
- A mere preference without responsibility.
- An act of self-command and responsibility. (correct)
- A reaction to external circumstances.
How does Ricoeur describe the act of willing?
How does Ricoeur describe the act of willing?
- As an act of projection and effort. (correct)
- As a passive acceptance of values.
- As an impulsive reaction with no thought.
- As a contradiction in terms of human capacity.
In the context of freedom and responsibility, what misconception is highlighted?
In the context of freedom and responsibility, what misconception is highlighted?
- Freedom equates to doing whatever one desires without limits. (correct)
- Freedom includes the ability to act with no consequences.
- Freedom means complete absence of choice.
- Freedom permits individuals to ignore societal norms.
What does the term 'homo sapiens' imply about human expectations?
What does the term 'homo sapiens' imply about human expectations?
Which aspect of willingness is suggested to be at the top of a hierarchy?
Which aspect of willingness is suggested to be at the top of a hierarchy?
What is the primary outcome when one wields their will according to the content?
What is the primary outcome when one wields their will according to the content?
What is the role of perfection in relation to human behavior as described?
What is the role of perfection in relation to human behavior as described?
What is suggested by the phrase 'the self posits an equation of will'?
What is suggested by the phrase 'the self posits an equation of will'?
What is the primary source of values for a child before they interact with others outside their home?
What is the primary source of values for a child before they interact with others outside their home?
Which of the following values is NOT mentioned as being inherited from parents in Filipino culture?
Which of the following values is NOT mentioned as being inherited from parents in Filipino culture?
According to Epicurus, when is it appropriate to seek wisdom?
According to Epicurus, when is it appropriate to seek wisdom?
What problem arises when only considering parental influence in formulating notions of right and wrong?
What problem arises when only considering parental influence in formulating notions of right and wrong?
What does the term 'amorpho propio' refer to in Filipino values?
What does the term 'amorpho propio' refer to in Filipino values?
What can happen if parents hold aberrant perspectives in society?
What can happen if parents hold aberrant perspectives in society?
What does Epicurus imply about the pursuit of happiness?
What does Epicurus imply about the pursuit of happiness?
What influence is NOT typically cited in shaping a child's understanding of morality?
What influence is NOT typically cited in shaping a child's understanding of morality?
What implication does the belief in an external being determining fate have on human morality?
What implication does the belief in an external being determining fate have on human morality?
Which philosophical position argues that humans possess free will and can make real choices?
Which philosophical position argues that humans possess free will and can make real choices?
In the scenario presented, what is the primary reason for the judge's dilemma?
In the scenario presented, what is the primary reason for the judge's dilemma?
What argument does the text suggest can lead to an infinite regress when discussing free will?
What argument does the text suggest can lead to an infinite regress when discussing free will?
What is suggested to weaken societal values according to the content?
What is suggested to weaken societal values according to the content?
How does the sergeant's pathologist contribute to the community's understanding of the situation?
How does the sergeant's pathologist contribute to the community's understanding of the situation?
What would be a moral implication of viewing humans as mere puppets of fate?
What would be a moral implication of viewing humans as mere puppets of fate?
Which aspect is described as a characteristic of knowledge acquisition?
Which aspect is described as a characteristic of knowledge acquisition?
What is the primary critique of ethical relativism mentioned in the content?
What is the primary critique of ethical relativism mentioned in the content?
What is the societal effect of the recurring deaths mentioned in the scenario?
What is the societal effect of the recurring deaths mentioned in the scenario?
What element of experience contributes to personal dissatisfaction according to the discussion?
What element of experience contributes to personal dissatisfaction according to the discussion?
Which philosophical question arises concerning the judge's ability to act?
Which philosophical question arises concerning the judge's ability to act?
What does the content imply about the nature of values?
What does the content imply about the nature of values?
Which characteristic of experience is related to unpredictability?
Which characteristic of experience is related to unpredictability?
According to the passage, what role does the element of negativity play in experiences?
According to the passage, what role does the element of negativity play in experiences?
What is indicated as a potential problem when inspecting the validity of morality towards culture?
What is indicated as a potential problem when inspecting the validity of morality towards culture?
What is a primary reason moral dilemmas are considered perplexing?
What is a primary reason moral dilemmas are considered perplexing?
Which of the following types of moral dilemmas is mentioned within the content?
Which of the following types of moral dilemmas is mentioned within the content?
What must a moral decision meet to avoid terrible consequences according to the content?
What must a moral decision meet to avoid terrible consequences according to the content?
What is identified as the ultimate aim of human beings according to the content?
What is identified as the ultimate aim of human beings according to the content?
Which condition is NOT mentioned as a requirement for making a moral decision?
Which condition is NOT mentioned as a requirement for making a moral decision?
What challenge does making ethical decisions pose according to Montemayor?
What challenge does making ethical decisions pose according to Montemayor?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between human actions and ends?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between human actions and ends?
What difficulty does the content suggest may arise in pursuing happiness?
What difficulty does the content suggest may arise in pursuing happiness?
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Study Notes
Morality and Responsibility
- The assertion that morality doesn't exist under determinism implies individuals bear no responsibility for their actions.
- The argument posits that external forces govern human fate, leading to questions about accountability for actions.
- Situations raising moral dilemmas, such as tragedy or wrongdoing, challenge the concepts of justice and consequence.
Free Will vs. Determinism
- Libertarianism argues humans possess free will, enabling choices independent of external determinism.
- Aristotle's idea of agent causation supports the belief in human freedom, linking willingness to individual responsibility.
- Concerns arise regarding the nature of will; interrogating who causes one's will leads to infinite regress without resolution.
Ethical Dilemmas and Human Condition
- Moral dilemmas are an inevitable aspect of being human and can be personal, organizational, or structural.
- They pose conflicts between ethical principles, creating challenges in moral decision-making.
- An example dilemma involves deciding on the sale of a cancer drug that could be weaponized, illustrating the complexity of ethical choices.
Conditions for Ethical Decision-Making
- Ethical decision-making must adhere to specific criteria:
- The act itself should be good.
- Evil effects must be unintended and permissible as side effects.
- The action needs justification through reason.
- The good effect must outweigh any evil consequences.
Pursuit of Happiness and Perfection
- Happiness remains the ultimate aim of human actions, leading to the pursuit of perfection and ethical living.
- Ethical actions have intentions directed towards achieving specific ends, which must be carefully defined to avoid misinterpretation.
Cultural Influence on Morality
- Morality is influenced by familial values, cultural traditions, and societal norms, impacting the understanding of good and evil.
- Ethical relativism presents challenges, as divergent moral perspectives can lead to individualism that destabilizes societal cohesion.
- Values are cultivated through familial teachings and community interactions, though they can differ widely based on cultural context.
Knowledge Acquisition and Experience
- Knowledge acquisition begins with personal experiences, which are often unpredictable and beyond individual control.
- Experiences can lead to disappointment, revealing the element of negativity that encourages exploration of new possibilities.
- The realization of human finitude emphasizes the limits of individual experience in shaping knowledge and understanding.
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