Free Will and Moral Responsibility

<p>People are only responsible for actions they freely chose. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compatibilism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It illustrates that individuals can still be responsible without having alternative options. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It raises doubts about whether we can truly choose our actions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Libertarianism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A moment where alternative choices could have been made. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mind is non-physical while the body is physical. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dualism Error (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By focusing on observable behaviors and actions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Searching for a pair of gloves when only individual gloves are present. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They exhibit behaviors consistent with friendliness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The confusion of how a non-physical mind can affect a physical body. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Habits or tendencies that reflect a person's behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The endless, repetitive nature of the task (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By comparing repetitive mundane activities to Sisyphus's struggle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Objective meaning is universal, while subjective meaning is personal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Objective List Theories (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Balance of pleasure over pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active engagement in valuable projects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Satisfaction of one's desires (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal happiness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mental events are caused by physical events but do not affect them. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physicalism states that mental states are brain states, while interactionist dualism says they can influence each other. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mary's experience of color reveals that physicalism cannot explain qualia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dual nature of taste as both subjective and objective. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By emphasizing the role of experts in establishing taste standards. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experts possess a refined ability to evaluate taste based on experience. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mind and body are separate but can influence each other. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That taste is a deeply personal experience, varying between individuals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotional Bias (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judgment made without personal connections or desires (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A moment of critical discovery by a character (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The emotional release following a tragedy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to the audience's catharsis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The repetitive and seemingly futile nature of life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It should involve serious action that evokes pity and fear. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judging art based on popularity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epiphenomenalism suggests that mental events do not affect physical processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experiencing color provides knowledge that is not purely physical. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are distinct and can mutually influence one another. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individual preferences can conflict with societal standards. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mary cannot learn anything new about physical properties of color. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A balance between subjective experiences and objective standards should be established. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The notion that alternative possibilities must exist for responsibility. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests yet fails to explain how the mind and body interact. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As expressed through actions and behavioral tendencies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Looking for a pair of gloves as a separate entity from individual gloves. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They should be analyzed through observable behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He focuses on external behaviors rather than internal thoughts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It questions how a non-physical mind can exert influence on a physical body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They reflect a person's habits and tendencies to act in certain ways. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The repetitive and endless nature of the task (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subjective meaning is personal and individual, while objective meaning is universal and grand. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Objective List Theory, emphasizing certain inherently good things. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actively participating in valuable and worthwhile pursuits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Satisfying the extent to which personal desires are met. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both can appear repetitive and lacking lasting significance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It claims that pleasure or happiness is the highest good and primary aim of life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may lack a lasting achievement or overarching purpose. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All events, including human actions, are determined by previous occurrences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It argues that humans have genuine free will and can make choices unbound by the past. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It proposes that free will exists while acknowledging that actions can be determined. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It implies that individuals are not accountable for their predefined actions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It questions whether individuals can truly be responsible if they do not have other choices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An example where an individual acts without knowledge of being controlled. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compatibilism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Joy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Open Mind (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It should be made without personal biases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sudden reversal of fortune in the narrative (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experience provides judges with a reference for quality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pivotal moment of recognition or discovery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The repetitive nature of his task (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serious and complete action with magnitude (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The idea that every event, including human actions, is a result of prior events.

The ability to make choices that are not predetermined.

The belief that free will exists and our actions are not predetermined.

The view that free will does not exist; all events, including human actions, are determined.

The idea that free will and determinism can coexist.

The principle that a person is responsible for an action only if they could have done otherwise

Argument that responsibility doesn't always require alternative possibilities.

A thought experiment illustrating Frankfurt's critique of alternative possibilities

The idea that the mind and body are two separate things; the mind is non-physical, the body physical.

Treating something in one category as if it were a member of another.

A tiny moment where a different choice could have been made, even if options are limited.

The idea that responsibility for choices can still exist, even if no alternatives exist.

The difficulty of explaining how a non-physical mind could affect a physical body.

Mental states are understood in terms of behaviors and behavioral dispositions.

Habits or tendencies to act in a certain way.

The official doctrine's error in treating the mind as a separate entity, separate from body actions.

The idea that mental events are caused by physical events in the brain but have no effect on physical events.

Everything about the mind can be explained by physical processes in the brain. Mental states are just brain states.

Mind and body are separate but can influence each other. Mind causes physical actions, and physical events cause mental experiences.

Challenges physicalism using Mary the Color Scientist. Even if Mary knows all the physical facts about color, experiencing color for the first time is a new, unique experience.

Subjective, personal experiences like the feeling of color or the taste of chocolate.

Conflict between subjective and objective views on taste. Personal preferences versus cultural norms and scientific understanding of flavors.

Personal preferences in food and flavors.

Cultural or scientific standards for taste and flavor combinations.

Hume believes we can judge art objectively by looking at experts who have delicate taste, experience, comparison skills, open minds, and good sense.

Kant argues that aesthetic judgment should be free from personal biases, desires, or practical interests. Focus on the object's beauty, not its usefulness.

Catharsis is the emotional release and purification experienced by the audience after watching a tragedy. It involves feelings of pity and fear, leading to a sense of relief.

Aristotle believes a tragedy should have a beginning, middle, and end, involving a serious and complete action of significance. It should evoke pity and fear for catharsis.

Anagnorisis is the moment a character realizes a crucial truth about themselves or their situation, often leading to a change in their fate.

Peripeteia is a sudden change in a character's fortune, often from good to bad, usually linked to anagnorisis and driving the tragic outcome.

Sisyphus is condemned to endlessly roll a boulder uphill, only for it to roll back down, symbolizing a pointless and repetitive task.

Taylor compares Sisyphus's pointless task to the lives of humans, suggesting their existence may be similarly meaningless in the face of the universe's vastness and indifference.

In Taylor's viewpoint, the endless, repetitive nature of Sisyphus' labor makes his life pointless. It has no lasting achievement or purpose. The effort he puts in is futile, resulting in no permanent outcome.

Subjective meaning is personal, like what gives you purpose. Objective meaning is universal, like a grand purpose for everyone. Taylor believes even without universal purpose, personal meaning can be found in experiences and relationships.

The idea that pleasure or happiness is the highest good and main aim of human life. Wellbeing is measured by the balance of pleasure over pain.

Wellbeing is determined by how much your desires are satisfied. It's not just about pleasure, but about getting what you want.

Certain things are inherently good for people, regardless of desires or pleasures. These include knowledge, achievement, and relationships.

Wolf believes meaningful life requires active engagement in worthwhile projects. This means being deeply involved and invested in something significant beyond personal benefit, contributing positively to the world or others.

Susan Wolf endorses Objective List Theories. She believes certain things are objectively good for us and contribute to a meaningful life, even if we don't desire them or find them pleasurable.

For a life to be meaningful, actively participate in activities or projects with real value. Be deeply involved and invested in something worthwhile and significant, not just personally, but in a broader sense.

You're responsible for your choices only if you could've chosen differently.

Analyzes mental states through observable behaviors and tendencies to act in certain ways (dispositions).

He argues the official doctrine makes a category mistake by treating the mind as a separate thing instead of focusing on how the body acts.

Frank Jackson's thought experiment involving a scientist who knows all the physical facts about color, but has never seen color. When she does, she learns something new about color experiences.

The ability to notice fine details and nuances in art, making judgments based on subtle observations.

Having seen and analyzed a wide range of art, allowing for a deeper understanding and ability to compare and contrast.

Appreciating art solely for its aesthetic qualities, free from personal biases, desires, or practical interests.

The emotional release and purification experienced by the audience after watching a tragedy, involving a cleansing of pity and fear.