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Questions and Answers
What does determinism assert about human actions?
What does determinism assert about human actions?
Which philosophical view insists that free will does not exist?
Which philosophical view insists that free will does not exist?
How does compatibilism reconcile free will with determinism?
How does compatibilism reconcile free will with determinism?
What does the principle of alternative possibilities state?
What does the principle of alternative possibilities state?
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Which view supports the idea that free will and determinism can coexist?
Which view supports the idea that free will and determinism can coexist?
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What issue does Frankfurt's critique pose for the principle of alternative possibilities?
What issue does Frankfurt's critique pose for the principle of alternative possibilities?
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What is a major challenge posed by determinism to the concept of moral responsibility?
What is a major challenge posed by determinism to the concept of moral responsibility?
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Which term means the belief in free will as not being influenced by past events?
Which term means the belief in free will as not being influenced by past events?
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What does the phrase 'flicker of freedom' imply in the context of responsibility?
What does the phrase 'flicker of freedom' imply in the context of responsibility?
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What is the 'official doctrine' regarding the mind and body relationship?
What is the 'official doctrine' regarding the mind and body relationship?
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Which of the following is NOT one of Ryle's identified problems with the official doctrine?
Which of the following is NOT one of Ryle's identified problems with the official doctrine?
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How does Ryle suggest we analyze mental states?
How does Ryle suggest we analyze mental states?
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What example illustrates a category mistake according to Ryle?
What example illustrates a category mistake according to Ryle?
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In Ryle's perspective, what does calling someone 'friendly' indicate?
In Ryle's perspective, what does calling someone 'friendly' indicate?
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Which of the following best describes the interaction problem identified by Ryle?
Which of the following best describes the interaction problem identified by Ryle?
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What does the concept of 'dispositions' refer to in Ryle's analysis of mental states?
What does the concept of 'dispositions' refer to in Ryle's analysis of mental states?
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What aspect of Sisyphus's task does Taylor highlight as being particularly pointless?
What aspect of Sisyphus's task does Taylor highlight as being particularly pointless?
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How does Taylor relate the myth of Sisyphus to human life?
How does Taylor relate the myth of Sisyphus to human life?
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What is the primary difference between subjective and objective meaning according to Taylor?
What is the primary difference between subjective and objective meaning according to Taylor?
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Which theory does Susan Wolf endorse regarding self-interest?
Which theory does Susan Wolf endorse regarding self-interest?
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What does hedonism propose as the highest good in life?
What does hedonism propose as the highest good in life?
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According to Wolf, a meaningful life requires what?
According to Wolf, a meaningful life requires what?
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What does Desire Fulfillment Theory focus on as critical for well-being?
What does Desire Fulfillment Theory focus on as critical for well-being?
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Which of the following is NOT included in Objective List Theories?
Which of the following is NOT included in Objective List Theories?
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What does epiphenomenalism suggest about mental events?
What does epiphenomenalism suggest about mental events?
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How does physicalism differ from interactionist dualism?
How does physicalism differ from interactionist dualism?
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What is the main argument of Frank Jackson's knowledge argument using Mary the Color Scientist?
What is the main argument of Frank Jackson's knowledge argument using Mary the Color Scientist?
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What does the antinomy of taste refer to?
What does the antinomy of taste refer to?
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How does Hume suggest resolving the conflict in the antinomy of taste?
How does Hume suggest resolving the conflict in the antinomy of taste?
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What characteristic does Hume associate with 'experts' in aesthetic judgment?
What characteristic does Hume associate with 'experts' in aesthetic judgment?
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In what way does interactionist dualism view the relationship between the mind and body?
In what way does interactionist dualism view the relationship between the mind and body?
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What aspect of taste does the subjective view emphasize?
What aspect of taste does the subjective view emphasize?
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What is NOT one of the key traits of a 'true judge' according to Hume?
What is NOT one of the key traits of a 'true judge' according to Hume?
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What does Kant mean by disinterested aesthetic judgment?
What does Kant mean by disinterested aesthetic judgment?
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According to Aristotle, what is anagnorisis?
According to Aristotle, what is anagnorisis?
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What is catharsis, according to Aristotle?
What is catharsis, according to Aristotle?
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What is the consequence of peripeteia in a tragic narrative?
What is the consequence of peripeteia in a tragic narrative?
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Which aspect of human existence does Taylor compare to the myth of Sisyphus?
Which aspect of human existence does Taylor compare to the myth of Sisyphus?
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What characterizes the ideal plot arc of a tragedy, according to Aristotle?
What characterizes the ideal plot arc of a tragedy, according to Aristotle?
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Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of comparison skills, as per Hume's discussion on true judges?
Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of comparison skills, as per Hume's discussion on true judges?
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What distinguishes epiphenomenalism from physicalism?
What distinguishes epiphenomenalism from physicalism?
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What is a central conclusion of Frank Jackson’s knowledge argument using the case of Mary the Color Scientist?
What is a central conclusion of Frank Jackson’s knowledge argument using the case of Mary the Color Scientist?
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How does interactionist dualism view the relationship between the mind and the body?
How does interactionist dualism view the relationship between the mind and the body?
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What does the antinomy of taste illustrate about subjective experience?
What does the antinomy of taste illustrate about subjective experience?
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What is the primary argument against physicalism based on Mary’s experience with color?
What is the primary argument against physicalism based on Mary’s experience with color?
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What does Hume suggest might resolve the conflict in the antinomy of taste?
What does Hume suggest might resolve the conflict in the antinomy of taste?
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What does the concept of the 'flicker of freedom' challenge in Frankfurt's argument?
What does the concept of the 'flicker of freedom' challenge in Frankfurt's argument?
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What does Ryle identify as problematic about the 'official doctrine' regarding the mind and body?
What does Ryle identify as problematic about the 'official doctrine' regarding the mind and body?
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How does Ryle describe mental states?
How does Ryle describe mental states?
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What example does Ryle use to illustrate a category mistake?
What example does Ryle use to illustrate a category mistake?
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What does Ryle's critique imply about the way mental states should be interpreted?
What does Ryle's critique imply about the way mental states should be interpreted?
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In what way does Ryle's approach differ from traditional views on mental states?
In what way does Ryle's approach differ from traditional views on mental states?
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Which problem does the 'interaction problem' highlight regarding the mind-body relationship?
Which problem does the 'interaction problem' highlight regarding the mind-body relationship?
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What is a key characteristic of Ryle's view of dispositions?
What is a key characteristic of Ryle's view of dispositions?
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What aspect of Sisyphus's task does Taylor emphasize as leading to feelings of futility?
What aspect of Sisyphus's task does Taylor emphasize as leading to feelings of futility?
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How does Taylor differentiate between subjective and objective meaning in life?
How does Taylor differentiate between subjective and objective meaning in life?
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Which philosophy does Susan Wolf support concerning human well-being?
Which philosophy does Susan Wolf support concerning human well-being?
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What does Wolf mean by stating that a meaningful life requires active engagement?
What does Wolf mean by stating that a meaningful life requires active engagement?
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What is the primary focus of Desire Fulfillment Theory?
What is the primary focus of Desire Fulfillment Theory?
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In what way does Taylor suggest human lives resemble the myth of Sisyphus?
In what way does Taylor suggest human lives resemble the myth of Sisyphus?
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Which statement about hedonism is accurate?
Which statement about hedonism is accurate?
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Why does Taylor argue that some of our daily activities might seem pointless?
Why does Taylor argue that some of our daily activities might seem pointless?
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What does hard determinism claim about free will?
What does hard determinism claim about free will?
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Which statement best defines libertarianism?
Which statement best defines libertarianism?
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What does compatibilism attempt to achieve?
What does compatibilism attempt to achieve?
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How does determinism challenge the concept of moral responsibility?
How does determinism challenge the concept of moral responsibility?
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What is a central critique of compatibilism posed by the principle of alternative possibilities?
What is a central critique of compatibilism posed by the principle of alternative possibilities?
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Frankfurt's critique of the principle of alternative possibilities uses which scenario to illustrate his point?
Frankfurt's critique of the principle of alternative possibilities uses which scenario to illustrate his point?
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Which belief posits that free will and determinism can coexist?
Which belief posits that free will and determinism can coexist?
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What is NOT one of the emotional responses that Aristotle associates with catharsis?
What is NOT one of the emotional responses that Aristotle associates with catharsis?
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Which trait is essential for a 'true judge' to have, according to Hume?
Which trait is essential for a 'true judge' to have, according to Hume?
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What does Kant mean by stating that aesthetic judgment must be disinterested?
What does Kant mean by stating that aesthetic judgment must be disinterested?
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In Aristotle's theory of tragedy, what does the term peripeteia refer to?
In Aristotle's theory of tragedy, what does the term peripeteia refer to?
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What role does experience play in Hume’s concept of 'true judges'?
What role does experience play in Hume’s concept of 'true judges'?
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What does anagnorisis signify in a narrative structure?
What does anagnorisis signify in a narrative structure?
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In Taylor's interpretation of the myth of Sisyphus, what primarily creates a sense of pointlessness in Sisyphus's life?
In Taylor's interpretation of the myth of Sisyphus, what primarily creates a sense of pointlessness in Sisyphus's life?
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What aspect of a tragedy’s plot arc does Aristotle emphasize as critical?
What aspect of a tragedy’s plot arc does Aristotle emphasize as critical?
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Study Notes
Free Will and Moral Responsibility
- Nagel's concept of free will centers on the idea that humans have the ability to make choices not entirely determined by past events.
- This concept is related to moral responsibility and autonomy. Autonomy is the ability to make our own decisions based on our values. If everything is predetermined, it raises questions about freedom and responsibility.
- Determinism is the idea that every event, including human actions, is determined by previous events. Determinism threatens free will, as it implies actions are inevitable results of past causes.
- Libertarianism: The belief that free will exists, and actions are not determined by past events.
- Hard determinism: The view that all events, including human actions, are determined by previous events. Free will does not exist.
- Compatibilism: The view that free will and determinism can coexist. Even if actions are determined, we can still be considered free if we act according to our desires and intentions.
Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility
- The principle of alternative possibilities states that a person is only responsible for their actions if they had the option to do something else.
- This principle poses problems for compatibilism because if everything is predetermined, there may not be alternate possibilities.
The Mind-Body Problem
- The "official doctrine" views mind and body as separate entities—the mind (non-physical) and the body (physical).
- Ryle identifies a category mistake in this view. Treating the mind as a separate entity is a mistake, as the mind is how the body works.
- Ryle analyzes mental states in terms of behaviors and dispositions (habits), not as hidden internal states.
Epiphenomenalism
- Epiphenomenalism argues that mental events are caused by physical events in the brain, but have no effect on physical events. It's like a shadow moving with you, but powerless to change anything.
- Physicalism: The belief that mental states are physical states in the brain.
- Interactionist Dualism: The mind and body are separate but interact.
Blood and Beauty
- The antinomy of taste: The idea that taste is both a subjective personal experience and an objective, culturally influenced judgment.
- Anatomy of Taste: Individual taste versus shared standards in food and flavor appreciation.
The Meaning of Life
- The Myth of Sisyphus: A man forever rolling a boulder up a hill, only for it to roll back down. Represents the endless, meaningless repetition in life.
- Subjective meaning: Personal meaning and purpose (Taylor).
- Objective meaning: External or universal meaning of life.
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Description
Explore the concepts of free will, determinism, and moral responsibility in this quiz. Delve into the arguments for libertarianism, hard determinism, and compatibilism. Discover how these philosophical ideas relate to our autonomy and decision-making processes.
