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Questions and Answers
The ______ fallacy involves using the threat of force or an undesirable event.
The ______ fallacy involves using the threat of force or an undesirable event.
appeal to force
An ______ is when emotions such as pity or sympathy are used to persuade.
An ______ is when emotions such as pity or sympathy are used to persuade.
appeal to emotion
The ______ fallacy assumes that what is true for the whole is true for its parts.
The ______ fallacy assumes that what is true for the whole is true for its parts.
fallacy of division
The ______ fallacy assumes that what is true of a part is true for the whole.
The ______ fallacy assumes that what is true of a part is true for the whole.
Assuming a 'cause-and-effect' relationship between unrelated events is an example of ______.
Assuming a 'cause-and-effect' relationship between unrelated events is an example of ______.
Begging the question refers to assuming the thing or idea to be proven is ______.
Begging the question refers to assuming the thing or idea to be proven is ______.
If drug addiction is a crime and drug addicts are ______, does this mean that any other form of addiction is also a crime?
If drug addiction is a crime and drug addicts are ______, does this mean that any other form of addiction is also a crime?
Can people addicted to ______ be considered criminals?
Can people addicted to ______ be considered criminals?
If we get rid of the drug addicts but not the drug manufacturers and ______, do we solve the problem of drug addiction?
If we get rid of the drug addicts but not the drug manufacturers and ______, do we solve the problem of drug addiction?
Are we just getting rid of the ______ but not the causes of the problem?
Are we just getting rid of the ______ but not the causes of the problem?
If you believe that killing drug addicts is not the best means of solving the problem of drug ______, what will you do?
If you believe that killing drug addicts is not the best means of solving the problem of drug ______, what will you do?
If you support the killing of drug addicts, how will this view affect your ______?
If you support the killing of drug addicts, how will this view affect your ______?
It takes me 30 minutes to walk from my home to ______.
It takes me 30 minutes to walk from my home to ______.
Living near the school is better because we don't have to spend much for ______.
Living near the school is better because we don't have to spend much for ______.
My sister ate the last piece of pizza ______.
My sister ate the last piece of pizza ______.
My sister is a selfish person because she ate the last piece of pizza pie and did not ______ it with me.
My sister is a selfish person because she ate the last piece of pizza pie and did not ______ it with me.
The policeman firmly pushed the suspect to his knees and placed him in ______.
The policeman firmly pushed the suspect to his knees and placed him in ______.
The aggressive manner by which the policeman arrested the suspect is an example of the ______ that characterizes our police force.
The aggressive manner by which the policeman arrested the suspect is an example of the ______ that characterizes our police force.
Analyzing these statements, you will be able to identify statements that are ______.
Analyzing these statements, you will be able to identify statements that are ______.
Which column has statements that are more ______?
Which column has statements that are more ______?
The statements in that column fit into the category of ______ since they contain ideas or information that are easily verifiable.
The statements in that column fit into the category of ______ since they contain ideas or information that are easily verifiable.
Opinions go beyond facts to offer ______ or perspectives.
Opinions go beyond facts to offer ______ or perspectives.
The belief 'God put me on earth to spread His message' cannot be proven solely through ______ evidence.
The belief 'God put me on earth to spread His message' cannot be proven solely through ______ evidence.
Statements that extend beyond facts often include explanations or ______.
Statements that extend beyond facts often include explanations or ______.
Logic, a branch of ______, focuses on analyzing arguments.
Logic, a branch of ______, focuses on analyzing arguments.
It's crucial to apply critical ______ to assess the validity of claims.
It's crucial to apply critical ______ to assess the validity of claims.
Arguments that are based on faulty reasoning are called ______.
Arguments that are based on faulty reasoning are called ______.
Some fallacies may be intentional, as the person making the claim is desperate to convince you to accept his or her ______.
Some fallacies may be intentional, as the person making the claim is desperate to convince you to accept his or her ______.
Philosophers explore the concept of ______, which is essential for validating knowledge.
Philosophers explore the concept of ______, which is essential for validating knowledge.
Knowledge is the clear awareness and understanding of ______.
Knowledge is the clear awareness and understanding of ______.
Truth is often debated in terms of ______, which are statements that can be either true or false.
Truth is often debated in terms of ______, which are statements that can be either true or false.
Applying systematic doubt helps us analyze the ______ of various statements.
Applying systematic doubt helps us analyze the ______ of various statements.
Philosophers emphasize the importance of ______ as a basis for determining truth.
Philosophers emphasize the importance of ______ as a basis for determining truth.
What we know is what is observable or evident in the real ______.
What we know is what is observable or evident in the real ______.
Philosophers who pondered upon the origins of knowledge doubted everything that there is to know about ______ and the world.
Philosophers who pondered upon the origins of knowledge doubted everything that there is to know about ______ and the world.
To determine if something is true, we must consider the ______ of knowledge.
To determine if something is true, we must consider the ______ of knowledge.
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Study Notes
Methods of Philosophizing
- Society is inundated with information from media, friends, and family, which can be useful but also misleading or false.
- Philosophers examine truth as it is critical for validating knowledge, often assessing propositions that can be true or false.
- Truth is essential for effective decision-making and depends on a clear understanding of knowledge, which is awareness and comprehension of reality.
Understanding Knowledge
- Knowledge is characterized by statements such as "I know that...", "I know why...", and "I know how...".
- This indicates that knowledge is grounded in observable reality, exemplified by the understanding that "fish live in water".
Exploring Truth
- Determining the truth involves systematic doubt; questioning statements to evaluate their validity.
- Philosophers emphasize belief as a foundation for identifying truth but also consider skepticism about the sources of knowledge.
Distinguishing Fact from Opinion
- There is a distinction between facts (verifiable statements) and opinions (subjective interpretations).
- Facts are objectively provable, while opinions extend beyond facts and often involve personal beliefs.
Evaluating Statements
- Examples of factual statements include measurable and verifiable claims, while opinions may rely on personal perspectives and assumptions.
- Applying philosophical tools helps in categorizing statements into facts or opinions.
Analyzing Arguments
- Logic is a key philosophical branch that focuses on evaluating argument validity; not all arguments carry equal weight or truthfulness.
- Critical thinking is vital to decipher truth and avoid manipulation from flawed reasoning.
Understanding Fallacies
- Recognize common fallacies, which can distort argument validity:
- Appeal to Force: Using threats to convince.
- Appeal to Emotion: Leveraging emotional responses for persuasion.
- Appeal to Popularity: Assuming acceptance by many validates an idea.
- Fallacy of Division: Misplacing truth from whole to part.
- Fallacy of Composition: Misplacing truth from part to whole.
- Cause and Effect: Erroneously linking unrelated events.
- Begging the Question: Assuming the premise is true without proof.
Recognizing Bias
- Bias refers to personal influences that skew perceptions; awareness of biases is essential in discussions.
- Engaging with opposing views critically helps to mitigate the impact of personal biases.
Philosophical Inquiry on Drug Addiction
- Questions arise on whether drug addiction should be criminalized and if dealing with drug addicts effectively addresses the overarching issue of drug addiction.
- Reflecting on personal beliefs and evaluating differing opinions is crucial for informed decision-making regarding social issues.
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