Philosophy Quiz on Knowledge and Perception

Ideas or concepts that are believed to be present in the mind from birth, without being acquired through experience.

Something that actually exists; reality; truth.

Belief in reason and logic as the primary source of knowledge.

<p>A Power held by the Primary Qualities, Sound, Color, Smell,Taste, and Tactility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Descartes argues that because we can have experiences in dreams that seem real but are not, we cannot be certain that any of our experiences are real. We might be dreaming even when we think we are awake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hume</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plato</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Knowledge is and should be based on experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An idea or statement is to be regarded as true if and only if it corresponds to facts or events of the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person has knowledge of x if and only if he or she has a direct experience of the ideas of x.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plato, Aristotle, Descartes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A Priori Truths, Analytical Truths, Innate Truths (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imagination (A), Cognition (B), Reason (C), Intuition (D), Perception (F), Memory (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epistemological statements refer to an individual's mental states and their justifications for supporting those states. Metaphysical statements describe things as they are or at least as they are believed to be.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rene Descartes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person has knowledge of x if and only if he or she has a direct grasp of the essence of x.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An idea or statement is to be regarded as true if and only if the language specifies the relation between the idea/statement and the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He argues that primary and secondary qualities exist in the mind, not in the objects themselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>necessary and contingent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensations and feelings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Descartes imagines that there might be an evil genius who is deceiving him, causing him to believe false things. This hypothesis highlights the possibility that our senses might be deceiving us, and we cannot be certain of the reality of the external world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ideas that derive from sensory impressions that the world makes upon us.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John Locke, George Berkeley, David Hume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An intermediate state between knowledge and ignorance, where there is always the possibility of error.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The view that associates reality to ideas in the mind rather than to material objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person has knowledge of x if and only if he or she has a direct experience of x.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methodological Doubt</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person has knowledge of x if and only if he or she has direct grasp of the Form of x.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior Mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An idea or statement is to be regarded as true if and only if it coheres or &quot;fits in&quot; with previously held beliefs or statements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hume argues that we do not have empirical experience of fundamental substance and thus should not make empirical claims about its nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both metaphysics and epistemology are concerned with the nature of reality and how we can know about it. Metaphysics explores the fundamental nature of reality, while epistemology investigates how we know what we know. Both disciplines rely on the concept of truth to evaluate claims about reality and our knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Descartes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hume</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solidity, Dimension,Shape,Motion/rest,Quantity, etc</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hume criticizes Locke's notion of substance, arguing that we do not have direct experience of it. He states that we can only perceive qualities (sensible properties) but not the underlying essence of the object that possesses those qualities. Therefore, he concludes that the concept of substance is ultimately meaningless and based on flawed reasoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He believes that true knowledge involves grasping the Forms, which are perfect, unchanging, and eternal archetypes. These Forms are abstract concepts that represent the essence of things, and true knowledge is attained by understanding these Forms through reason and contemplation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ideas or concepts present in the mind from birth, not acquired through experience.

Something that actually exists; reality; truth.

Belief in reason and logic as the primary source of knowledge.

Powers held by Primary Qualities, like sound, color, smell, taste, and touch.

Descartes argued that dreams can mimic reality, making it difficult to distinguish between experience and illusion.

Hume's concept of truths that are based on logic and not empirical experience.

Plato believed knowledge requires a direct experience, not just observing the world.

Knowledge is based on experience and observation.

An idea or statement is true if it matches reality.

Knowledge comes from direct experience of ideas, not material objects.

Plato, Aristotle, and Descartes emphasized reason in attaining knowledge.

A Priori Truths, Analytic Truths, and Innate Truths are considered universally true.

Reason, perception, intuition, imagination, cognition, and memory are ways we acquire knowledge.

Epistemic claims focus on justifications for belief, while metaphysical claims describe reality.

Descartes' famous phrase meaning 'I think, therefore I am'

Knowing something means directly grasping its essence.

Truth is determined by the language used to describe the relationship between ideas and the world.

Berkeley believed all qualities, primary and secondary, are perceptions in the mind.

Qualities inherent in an object, independent of our senses, like size, shape, or motion.

An idea or statement is true if it fits with other accepted beliefs.

The view that knowledge is impossible or uncertain. Doubting what we think we know.

Descartes' idea of a powerful deceiver who could create false perceptions of reality.

The belief that reality is ultimately mental, consisting of ideas or perceptions.

Plato believed true knowledge involves understanding perfect, unchanging Forms which are representations of real things.

Aristotle believed knowledge is gained through direct observation and understanding the essence of things.

Locke believed knowledge comes from experience and that our minds are initially blank.

Berkeley argued that reality is mental and only exists when being perceived. 'To be is to be perceived.'

Hume doubted claims about cause and effect, believing we only observe patterns, not true cause.

Descartes' strategy of systematically doubting everything until he found a truth that could not be doubted.

Metaphysical statements describe the nature of reality while epistemological statements deal with the nature and limits of knowledge.

Reason, perception, intuition, imagination, cognition, and memory are ways we acquire knowledge.

External World, Past, Future, Other Minds, Mind (or Self), abstract entities

Ideas derived from sensory experiences, they are formed through what we see, hear, touch, smell, and taste.

Necessary truths are always true and cannot be otherwise, while contingent truths can be true or false.

The underlying fundamental reality or being of something.

Aristotle believed opinions are less certain than knowledge, and can be mistaken.

Berkeley's term for a fundamental, immaterial, and conscious being that perceives all things.