Philosophy of Freedom and Human Rights

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Questions and Answers

What does Skinner suggest is the primary reason for humanity's struggle for freedom?

The will to make independent choices

Certain behavioral processes of avoidance (correct)

A need to escape from personal responsibility

A desire for social recognition

According to Ayn Rand, what is essential for individual freedom?

A strong governmental structure

Collectivism and social support

Alignment with economic freedom (correct)

Dependence on family values

What concept does Martin Buber introduce to describe the relationship between a person and another self?

Self-Other dichotomy

I-Thou relationship (correct)

Conscious Existentialism

I-It relationship

What does Wojtyla argue about the essence of the human person?

It is defined by communal engagement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects a common concern of parents with children who have disabilities?

Belief that the child will become an economic burden Signup and view all the answers

What main belief did Jean Jacques Rousseau hold regarding the education of women?

Women should be educated to enhance their utility to men. Signup and view all the answers

According to Mary Wollstonecraft's beliefs, what should women not rely on for their livelihoods?

Marriage for financial support Signup and view all the answers

What significant role do Filipina women play according to the song 'Babae'?

They actively pursue liberation and empowerment. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of their annual budget must government agencies in the Philippines allocate to benefit the sector of persons with disabilities (PWDs) as mandated by Executive Order 417?

At least 1% Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason for the failure of enterprises run by persons with disabilities (PWDs)?

Lack of market for their products Signup and view all the answers

What does intellectual freedom entail?

The right to seek and receive information without restrictions Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of freedom includes rights like a fair trial and due process?

Political freedom Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle, what is the role of human will in moral acts?

It allows individuals to act either rightly or wrongly Signup and view all the answers

What is implied by spiritual freedom?

Personal sovereignty over one’s spiritual beliefs and practices Signup and view all the answers

What power do human beings uniquely possess according to St. Thomas Aquinas?

The ability to change themselves and their surroundings for the better Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best captures Kierkegaard's perspective on individuality?

Conformity to societal images can hinder personal authenticity. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of social networking sites as suggested in the content?

They may result in feelings of disconnection among users. Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the way of life that was dominant during the Middle Ages?

Feudalism Signup and view all the answers

According to Buber's philosophy, what is essential for achieving personal fulfillment?

Genuine dialogue with others Signup and view all the answers

When did the Medieval period primarily begin and end according to the content?

476 AD to 1453 AD Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Freedom

Freedom encompasses more than just physical or economic factors.
It includes intellectual, political, spiritual, and economic freedom.

Intellectual Freedom

The right to seek and receive information from all perspectives without limitations.

Political Freedom

Encompasses natural justice (fairness) in law, including the rights of the accused (fair trial, due process), the right to seek legal remedies, and participation in civil society.

Spiritual Freedom

The personal sovereignty over one's spiritual beliefs and practices.

Economic Freedom

The fundamental right of every individual to control their own labor and property.
This includes working, producing, consuming, and investing as desired within society.

Evolution of Intellectual Freedom

The comic shows how intellectual freedom may evolve from needing to follow the requirements of teachers or grant committees to a need only to pursue research independently.

Consequences of Actions

All actions have consequences.

Aristotle

Human will is an instrument of free choice.
Humans have the power to choose between good and bad, worthy and worthless.
This choice is determined by inner awareness of right and wrong, societal norms, and the consequences of choices for rulers.

On Moral Act

Moral acts are within our power and for which we are accountable.
The happiness of an individual rests in their own hands, in preserving and developing the soul.

Aristotle's views on humans

A human being is a rational being.
Intellect is the foundation for will, without which there is no will.
Will, reason, and action work together in a cyclical manner.

St. Thomas Aquinas

God-created human beings have unique power to change themselves and others for the better
Deciding good or evil is our responsibility.

Natural, Eternal, Human, Divine Law

These are interconnected laws relevant to individuals and society, with a focus on how they relate to one another.
The text outlines the specific roles of each law and their relationship.

Conscience, God's Love, Actions

Human actions (good and bad) are placed within a hierarchy, reflecting the relationship between conscience, God's love, and the actions of individuals.

Jean-Paul Sartre

The human person's desire is to be God.
This desire drives human beings to create their own being through the choices they make, which is a key part of their existence.

Sartre's Principles of Existentialism

Persons are nothing beyond their existence as they create themselves.
Persons are empowered to define the meaning of their own life.
Freedom is the core of a person's authentic existence.
A person is defined by their actions and choices.
A person who avoids obligation is acting in bad faith (inauthenticity, not in accordance with one's free will).

Thomas Hobbes

Provides a definition of a law of nature which he calls "lex naturalis".
The law is a general rule which dictates that reason should forbid any action destructive to one's life or taking away the means of preserving it

Hobbes (Leviathan)

The fundamental law of nature is the desire for peace.
People need to defend themselves by all means.
Certain rights are inalienable and cannot be surrendered
Human beings seek self-preservation and security.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Developed the Social Contract and believed in absolute democracy and individualism.
Saw human beings as naturally free and good

Prudence

Prudence is careful judgment used to avoid risks and danger.

B.F. Skinner

Behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences.
When people want something, they act to obtain it.
It is better for individuals to feel and believe they are free

Can an individual be free?

According to Skinner, our struggle for freedom is not inherently about will, but our behavior responses to and adaptations from aversive features of the environment.
Our behavior is determined by consequences and is shaped by the environment.
Moral behavior is shaped by society's conditioning of actions

Skinner's Views on Morality

Morality is a conditioned response imposed by society on individuals.

Spirituality of Imperfection

Accept life's environment as both good and evil.
Flexibility and adaptability are needed to navigate life's open-ended nature.

Choices, Consequences

All choices have consequences, with some things being gained and others lost.

Ayn Rand

Emphasized the importance of the individual in the 20th century.
The individual mind is the key to economic progress via laissez-faire capitalism.
People have the right to think and do as they please.
Rejects collectivist ideals, arguing that they threaten an individual’s freedom through coercion.

Filipino and Chinese Individualism

Filipino and Chinese cultures emphasize relationships over independent action.
Individuals often prioritize the needs of the community above their own, or are dependent on their community.

Filipino and Chinese concept of Loob

Loob reflects the internal psychological and social aspect of Filipino and Chinese people.
It describes the interpersonal and social concept central in these cultures

Situations Demonstrating Freedom of Choice

Real-world examples are used to demonstrate these concepts

Ayn Rand and Economic Freedom

Individual freedom must align with economic freedom.
Economic choices can affect social status.

Sakop and Responsibility

Filipinos need to act responsibly in financial and social matters, in line with expectations of the concept of sakop, to avoid squandering assistance given to them to improve their lives.

Filipinos and Sound Economy

Achieving economic soundness is linked to organizational and social support among Filipino people.

Individualism and Kasarilihan

Individualism empowers Filipinos to fully utilize their strengths for their lives in and out of themselves.
Promoting self-reliance through entrepreneurship in minimizing outside control is a key part of Kasarilihan.

Intersubjectivity (Martin Buber & Karol Wojtyła)

Intersubjectivity is a significant concept relating to individual interactions with other people.
Buber and Wojtyła emphasized the importance of the interaction and relationship between people.
Relationships between individuals are important for their wholeness.

Differences between "Other" and "The Other"

The distinction identifies the difference between treating another person as a thing or a subject.
Understanding the difference between viewing people and things as objects is a critical element of how people's lives can be impacted as a consequence

Martin Buber, I and Thou

Humans find wholeness, totality, and concrete existence through relationships with other people, including a connection and closeness to the world.

Karol Wojtyła and Participation

Participation in communal life for the common good is central to a person’s identity

The "I and Thou" Relationship

Individuals need to interact in the world in relationships to be whole people, rather than independent subjects.
It's a relationship of mutual experience and understanding.

Appreciating Talents of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs)

Specific programs and efforts need to be put in place to help support the talents and potential of PWDs

Worries of Parents with PWDs

Concerns about fear of the future, challenges of disability affecting productivity, and the long-term burden relate to the difficulties parents face with supporting individuals who have disabilities.

Categories of PWDs

Parents of individuals with disabilities need support for their children and for themselves from the communities they live in and the government.

Study in North America about Deaf Children

Children with disabilities, particularly those deaf, have unique needs with respect to education and communication.
50% of deaf children read less well than their age mates
Communication methods which include the use of finger spelling and sign language are crucial.

Children with ADHD and Spirited Kids

Children with ADHD and "spirited" children require specific acknowledgement and support for their unique characteristics
These children often perceive their environment differently than other children

Poverty in Underprivileged Sectors

Poverty affects people in multiple dimensions, not just economic levels but also health, education, empowerment and working conditions.

Income Poverty

Primarily measured by consumption of goods and services.
This is a key metric for identifying individuals living in underprivileged sectors.

Health Deprivation

Health deprivation of underprivileged groups has become a critical focus.

The Rights of Women

Rousseau’s view of woman is that their primary role was to serve men and to help make life more pleasurable for men
Woman should be educated so that they can please men, and to care for them, advise them, help them to console them and help make their lives easier.
Wollstonecraft believed that women should not marry for support; instead they should seek their own financial independence.

Women in the Philippines

Philippine women face oppression in some ways similar to other parts of the world, including negative attitudes toward themselves and other women.
Song "Babae" illustrates the liberation struggle of Philippine women.
Filipino women have been participating in empowerment movements, seeking equality that applies to their sector and to other marginalized groups.

Executive Order 417

Mandates national government agencies to provide a portion of their budget for individuals with disabilities.

NAS Estimates on Filipinos with disabilities in 2014

As of 2014, the Filipino population exhibited a considerable number of people living with disabilities, a portion of it are in the employable population.

Reasons for business failure in PWDs

Lack of markets is a major reason for the failure of Filipino businesses started by people with disabilities

How Individuals Form Societies

How people come together to form societies and how societies shape individuals is emphasized by the topics discussed.

Information Superhighway

Development of computer hardware, software, and systems enables faster, more effective ways to distribute information.

Social networking sites can disconnect people more than connect them.
An emphasis is on conformity rather than self-expression in online interactions, which relates to the idea of "self-denial" or conforming to an image presented online.

Modern Era

Modernity includes significant developments in technology and science, that transformed the way people relate to each other, and had an immense and lasting impact on the way of life.

Technology's Influence on Society

Technology impacts society socially, ethnically, and scientifically.
The new era is characterized by technological inventions.
Human success is frequently judged by the mastery of technology and science

Women's Friendship

Women’s friendship has a unique quality of understanding and acceptance, often distinguished from relationships between men and women.

True Friendships

True friendships allow individuals to be completely themselves, and provide acceptance, love, courage, and empowerment to women.

Issues in Women's Friendship

Negative attitudes toward themselves and other women, along with miscommunication and envy, can be common challenges.

Tribute to Mothers

The quote highlights the significance of mothers' efforts in the development of individuals, particularly in difficult circumstances and situations.

Progress in exact sciences and technology had liberated people from ignorance, underdevelopment and poverty, and that had an important effect on the relationships between people
Evaluating relationships impacted by social systems with an emphasis on how they affect human well-being

"There is No Such Thing as a Free Lunch"

All actions have economic costs and consequences.
The use of technology facilitates worldwide communication and transactions, which impacts economic and social relationships

Policy Making in Society

Defining justice and developing policies affect and shape interactions between people of society.
Plato believed that members of society should be divided into three groups: common people (artisans), soldiers (warriors), and guardians (rulers)

Economic Sphere

Technical improvements result in mass production and greater quantities of good being produced, which impacts economic relationships

Modern knowledge and technology significantly impact the way of life and relationships among people.

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Description

Explore various philosophical perspectives on freedom and human rights through this engaging quiz. Delve into the thoughts of influential thinkers like Skinner, Rand, Buber, and Wollstonecraft while addressing contemporary issues regarding disabilities and gender. Test your knowledge on the significant roles and rights of individuals within society.