Philosophy of Freedom and Human Person

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Questions and Answers

What unethical action did Mang Tony take to increase his profits?

  • Increased prices without informing customers
  • Reduced the variety of meat sold to cut costs
  • Sold expired meat at a discount
  • Tampered with weighing scales and mixed fresh with stale meat (correct)

What motivated Julia to borrow money from her relatives?

  • To invest in her father's new business venture
  • To maintain her status among her friends despite her family's struggles (correct)
  • To help her friend Gladys with personal expenses
  • To ensure her family could afford basic necessities

What did Bernard do after finding a copy of the final exam?

  • Returned it to the teacher immediately
  • Reported the incident to school authorities
  • Shared it with his classmates
  • Placed it in his bag intending to study it (correct)

How did Gladys respond to Julia's gossip about her?

<p>Contacted her friends to share the news about Julia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which character's actions exemplify a lack of accountability despite their situation?

<p>Julia borrowing money to maintain her social status (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key indication of human freedom?

<p>The ability to make choices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher linked the will of humanity to free choice?

<p>Aristotle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does St. Thomas Aquinas consider the human being's moral dimension to be derived from?

<p>Intellect and reason (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Sartre's view, what precedes essence?

<p>Existence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of human behavior differentiates humans from animals according to the content?

<p>Cognitive reasoning for choices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects Sartre’s perspective on individual freedom?

<p>Individuals have the power to shape their own destinies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what responsibility does the concept of freedom entail?

<p>To choose between good or evil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'volition' refer to in the context provided?

<p>The faculty of using one's will (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a person who acts without awareness of the consequences of their actions?

<p>Diminished freedom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of ethics as a branch of philosophy?

<p>Critical examination of morality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Social Contract theory primarily involve?

<p>An agreement sacrificing individual freedom for government rule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an intellectual choice?

<p>Deliberately selected on a moral standpoint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of freedom specifically addresses the absence of physical constraints?

<p>Physical Freedom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a moral dilemma?

<p>A conflict between personal desires and ethical duties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a practical choice defined?

<p>A choice driven by psychological and emotional considerations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Psychological Freedom?

<p>It is innate and cannot be denied as a person. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which planet is referred to as the smallest planet in the solar system?

<p>Mercury (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Voluntariness in the context of freedom signify?

<p>The ability to act according to one's free will (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which planet is described as the smallest planet?

<p>Mercury (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In relation to freedom, what does responsibility imply?

<p>Being accountable for one's actions and their consequences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which planet is famously known for having rings?

<p>Saturn (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can a failure to make a prudent choice lead to?

<p>Diminished freedom in decision-making (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best captures the relationship between freedom and personal identity?

<p>Our choices significantly shape our personality and sense of self. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding Mars?

<p>Mars is known as a cold place. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided content, what diminishes human freedom?

<p>Losing control of oneself (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishing feature does Saturn possess?

<p>It is a gas giant with rings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary essence of freedom as described in the content?

<p>The power to define oneself and make choices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which planet is furthest from the Sun?

<p>Neptune (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should human freedom be exercised according to the guidelines provided?

<p>With respect to the welfare of others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of prudence in making choices?

<p>It promotes sound decision-making based on reasonable limits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the necessity of sacrifice imply in the context of human freedom?

<p>Personal freedom may necessitate sacrificing certain self-interests. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of our sense of right and wrong in relation to freedom?

<p>It helps in recognizing and setting limits to our freedom. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Human Freedom

The capacity to act (or not act) according to our choices and preferences, without predetermined responses.

Volition

The power to use one's will; the faculty of making a choice.

Human vs. Animal

Humans have the ability to choose their actions, while animals react instinctively, guided by stimuli.

Freedom and Happiness

Our happiness is shaped by our choices, whether we choose to build or destroy it.

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Freedom and Reason

Reason is a key human characteristic and linked to the pursuit of goodness through free will.

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Freedom and Spirituality

Our spiritual nature sets us apart; it gives us a moral compass – determining the path to good or evil.

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Existential Freedom

We create our own destiny through choices, independent of external influences.

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Existence Precedes Essence

We exist first and then define our characteristics/nature (essence) through our choices.

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Social Contract

An agreement where individuals voluntarily give up some of their freedom in exchange for protection and order from a governing authority.

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Physical Freedom

The absence of physical restraint, allowing individuals to move freely.

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Psychological Freedom

The ability to make choices based on your own thoughts and desires, without external pressure.

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Moral Freedom

The freedom to act in accordance with your values and principles, choosing what is right and just.

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Absolute Freedom

The complete absence of limitations on what a person can choose to do, with no restrictions or consequences.

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Voluntariness

The capacity to act based on one's own will, making choices freely and intentionally.

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Responsibility

Being accountable for your actions and their consequences, making choices with awareness of their impact.

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Freedom and Self-Determination

Our choices shape who we are, and our ability to make those choices is essential to our personal growth and self-development.

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Freedom & Choice

The ability to act or not act based on our own choices, without being forced. It allows us to make decisions that shape our lives.

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Prudence in Choices

The ability to think carefully and wisely about the consequences of our choices, considering the long-term effects.

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Ethical Choice

A choice made based on moral principles, considering what is right and wrong.

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Practical Choice

A choice influenced by psychological and emotional factors, not necessarily by what is morally right.

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Moral Dilemma

A situation where a person has to choose between two bad options, making it difficult to choose a morally acceptable solution.

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Moral Agent

A person who is capable of making ethical choices and taking responsibility for their actions.

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Ethics

The study of morality and the principles that guide our choices.

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Intellectual Choice

A choice made based on a deliberate, reasoned decision, considering moral principles.

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Maintaining Image

The act of presenting oneself in a particular way, often to create a desired impression or maintain social status, even if it requires dishonesty or sacrifices.

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Profiting from Deception

Gaining financial advantage through dishonest means, such as manipulating weights or selling inferior products.

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Cheating on Exams

Gaining an unfair advantage by acquiring unauthorized access to test content before the exam.

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Spreading Rumors

Disseminating gossip, often malicious or untruthful, with the intention of damaging someone's reputation or social standing.

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Exposing Deception

Revealing someone's dishonesty or lies to others, often with the aim of exposing their true nature.

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Consequences of Choices

Every choice we make has effects, impacting not only ourselves but also other people and situations.

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Sacrifices for Growth

To achieve our goals and progress, we must sometimes give up something valuable or comfortable.

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Limited Freedom

Our freedom is not absolute; there are limitations, including personal responsibility, societal rules, and natural laws.

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Exercising Freedom Responsibly

Using our freedom wisely and ethically, considering others and the impact of our actions.

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Freedom and Welfare of Others

Our choices should respect the well-being and rights of others, promoting harmony and mutual respect.

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Knowledge Guides Choices

Seeking information and understanding helps us make better decisions, based on facts and insights.

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Freedom and Truth

Honesty and truthfulness are essential for ethical choices, fostering trust and integrity.

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Study Notes

Freedom of the Human Person

  • Human capacity to act (or not act) is a crucial aspect of freedom. This includes choosing or preferring actions without external constraint.
  • Freedom is an intrinsic and essential characteristic of a person.
  • Freedom involves making choices and taking actions.

Animal vs Human Person

  • Animals respond to commands and are trained/conditioned to perform actions.
  • Animal actions are instinctive and predetermined by stimuli.
  • Human persons can choose the course of action in response to stimuli.

Aristotle (The Power of Volition)

  • Volition is the power to use one's "will."
  • Without intellect (understanding), there is no will.
  • Human happiness depends on preserving and developing one's potential, which is a divine characteristic.

St. Thomas Aquinas (Freedom is Spirituality and Love)

  • Intellectual beings seek universal good, which is inherent in human nature.
  • Human beings act morally.
  • Our spirituality distinguishes humans from animals.
  • Choosing to be "good" or "evil" is our responsibility.

Jean-Paul Sartre (Individual Freedom)

  • Existentialism focuses on human existence.
  • Existence precedes essence—individuals create their own destiny through choices.
  • Individual choices are crucial, regardless of external pressures.
  • Freedom is the power to make decisions and change life paths.

Types of Freedom

  • Physical Freedom: The absence of physical restraint, allowing mobility.
  • Psychological Freedom: Also known as freedom of choice. The ability to make decisions based on personal values and judgments.
  • Moral Freedom: Exercising freedom in a manner that upholds human dignity and goodness.

Positive and Negative Freedom

  • Negative Freedom: Freedom from interference.
  • Positive Freedom: Active effort to control one's life and do good.

Absolute Freedom

  • Absolute freedom means no restrictions on choices.

Choices and Responsibilities

  • Freedom comes with responsibilities.
  • Choices affect individuals and others.
  • Prudent decision making is part of exercising freedom responsibly.
  • Understanding consequences and their impact is essential.

Elements of Freedom

  • Voluntariness: The ability to act according to one's free will and self-determination.
  • Responsibility: Accountability for one's actions and their consequences.

Nature of Choices

  • Understanding how choices are made, including evaluating alternatives.
  • Making prudent choices is crucial to exercising freedom effectively.

Ethics

  • Ethics is the systematic examination of morality.

Intellectual vs Practical Choices

  • Intellectual Choice: Deliberately selected based on moral principles.
  • Practical Choice: Driven by psychological and emotional considerations.

Moral Dilemma Examples

  • Lindsay's ectopic pregnancy: Choosing between medical procedures.
  • Military doctor's distribution of blood: Ethical dilemma in allocating limited resources.

Evaluate and Exercise Prudence in Choice

  • Recognizing that choices affect others and ourselves.

Choices, Consequences, and Sacrifices

  • Choices have consequences that may require sacrifices.
  • Sacrifices can be necessary for personal growth.

How to Exercise Freedom Responsibly and Beneficially?

  • Exercise freedom while also respecting the freedom of others.
  • Exercise freedom with regard to truth and knowledge.
  • Cultivate intellectual virtue (prudence) for sound choices.

Quiz Examples (Situations)

  • Julia's family issues and her attempts to maintain a public image.
  • Mang Tony's meat stall and misrepresentation of goods.
  • Bernard copying a final exam.
  • Gladys's reaction to her friend's misleading behavior.

Reflect on Most Significant Decision

  • Students should reflect on notable decisions and how those decisions affected them.

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