Philosophy of Freedom and Human Person

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Questions and Answers

What unethical action did Mang Tony take to increase his profits?

Increased prices without informing customers

Reduced the variety of meat sold to cut costs

Sold expired meat at a discount

Tampered with weighing scales and mixed fresh with stale meat (correct)

What motivated Julia to borrow money from her relatives?

To invest in her father's new business venture

To maintain her status among her friends despite her family's struggles (correct)

To help her friend Gladys with personal expenses

To ensure her family could afford basic necessities

What did Bernard do after finding a copy of the final exam?

Returned it to the teacher immediately

Reported the incident to school authorities

Shared it with his classmates

Placed it in his bag intending to study it (correct)

How did Gladys respond to Julia's gossip about her?

Contacted her friends to share the news about Julia Signup and view all the answers

Which character's actions exemplify a lack of accountability despite their situation?

Julia borrowing money to maintain her social status Signup and view all the answers

What is a key indication of human freedom?

The ability to make choices Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher linked the will of humanity to free choice?

Aristotle Signup and view all the answers

What does St. Thomas Aquinas consider the human being's moral dimension to be derived from?

Intellect and reason Signup and view all the answers

In Sartre's view, what precedes essence?

Existence Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of human behavior differentiates humans from animals according to the content?

Cognitive reasoning for choices Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects Sartre’s perspective on individual freedom?

Individuals have the power to shape their own destinies. Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what responsibility does the concept of freedom entail?

To choose between good or evil Signup and view all the answers

What does 'volition' refer to in the context provided?

The faculty of using one's will Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a person who acts without awareness of the consequences of their actions?

Diminished freedom Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of ethics as a branch of philosophy?

Critical examination of morality Signup and view all the answers

What does the Social Contract theory primarily involve?

An agreement sacrificing individual freedom for government rule Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an intellectual choice?

Deliberately selected on a moral standpoint Signup and view all the answers

Which type of freedom specifically addresses the absence of physical constraints?

Physical Freedom Signup and view all the answers

What is a moral dilemma?

A conflict between personal desires and ethical duties Signup and view all the answers

How is a practical choice defined?

A choice driven by psychological and emotional considerations Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Psychological Freedom?

It is innate and cannot be denied as a person. Signup and view all the answers

Which planet is referred to as the smallest planet in the solar system?

Mercury Signup and view all the answers

What does Voluntariness in the context of freedom signify?

The ability to act according to one's free will Signup and view all the answers

Which planet is described as the smallest planet?

Mercury Signup and view all the answers

In relation to freedom, what does responsibility imply?

Being accountable for one's actions and their consequences Signup and view all the answers

Which planet is famously known for having rings?

Saturn Signup and view all the answers

What can a failure to make a prudent choice lead to?

Diminished freedom in decision-making Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best captures the relationship between freedom and personal identity?

Our choices significantly shape our personality and sense of self. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding Mars?

Mars is known as a cold place. Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided content, what diminishes human freedom?

Losing control of oneself Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishing feature does Saturn possess?

It is a gas giant with rings. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary essence of freedom as described in the content?

The power to define oneself and make choices Signup and view all the answers

Which planet is furthest from the Sun?

Neptune Signup and view all the answers

How should human freedom be exercised according to the guidelines provided?

With respect to the welfare of others. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of prudence in making choices?

It promotes sound decision-making based on reasonable limits. Signup and view all the answers

What does the necessity of sacrifice imply in the context of human freedom?

Personal freedom may necessitate sacrificing certain self-interests. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of our sense of right and wrong in relation to freedom?

It helps in recognizing and setting limits to our freedom. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Freedom of the Human Person

Human capacity to act (or not act) is a crucial aspect of freedom. This includes choosing or preferring actions without external constraint.
Freedom is an intrinsic and essential characteristic of a person.
Freedom involves making choices and taking actions.

Animal vs Human Person

Animals respond to commands and are trained/conditioned to perform actions.
Animal actions are instinctive and predetermined by stimuli.
Human persons can choose the course of action in response to stimuli.

Aristotle (The Power of Volition)

Volition is the power to use one's "will."
Without intellect (understanding), there is no will.
Human happiness depends on preserving and developing one's potential, which is a divine characteristic.

St. Thomas Aquinas (Freedom is Spirituality and Love)

Intellectual beings seek universal good, which is inherent in human nature.
Human beings act morally.
Our spirituality distinguishes humans from animals.
Choosing to be "good" or "evil" is our responsibility.

Jean-Paul Sartre (Individual Freedom)

Existentialism focuses on human existence.
Existence precedes essence—individuals create their own destiny through choices.
Individual choices are crucial, regardless of external pressures.
Freedom is the power to make decisions and change life paths.

Types of Freedom

Physical Freedom: The absence of physical restraint, allowing mobility.
Psychological Freedom: Also known as freedom of choice. The ability to make decisions based on personal values and judgments.
Moral Freedom: Exercising freedom in a manner that upholds human dignity and goodness.

Positive and Negative Freedom

Negative Freedom: Freedom from interference.
Positive Freedom: Active effort to control one's life and do good.

Absolute Freedom

Absolute freedom means no restrictions on choices.

Choices and Responsibilities

Freedom comes with responsibilities.
Choices affect individuals and others.
Prudent decision making is part of exercising freedom responsibly.
Understanding consequences and their impact is essential.

Elements of Freedom

Voluntariness: The ability to act according to one's free will and self-determination.
Responsibility: Accountability for one's actions and their consequences.

Nature of Choices

Understanding how choices are made, including evaluating alternatives.
Making prudent choices is crucial to exercising freedom effectively.

Ethics

Ethics is the systematic examination of morality.

Intellectual vs Practical Choices

Intellectual Choice: Deliberately selected based on moral principles.
Practical Choice: Driven by psychological and emotional considerations.

Moral Dilemma Examples

Lindsay's ectopic pregnancy: Choosing between medical procedures.
Military doctor's distribution of blood: Ethical dilemma in allocating limited resources.

Evaluate and Exercise Prudence in Choice

Recognizing that choices affect others and ourselves.

Choices, Consequences, and Sacrifices

Choices have consequences that may require sacrifices.
Sacrifices can be necessary for personal growth.

How to Exercise Freedom Responsibly and Beneficially?

Exercise freedom while also respecting the freedom of others.
Exercise freedom with regard to truth and knowledge.
Cultivate intellectual virtue (prudence) for sound choices.

Quiz Examples (Situations)

Julia's family issues and her attempts to maintain a public image.
Mang Tony's meat stall and misrepresentation of goods.
Bernard copying a final exam.
Gladys's reaction to her friend's misleading behavior.

Reflect on Most Significant Decision

Students should reflect on notable decisions and how those decisions affected them.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of freedom and the distinction between human and animal actions in this quiz. Delve into the philosophies of Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas, focusing on volition, morality, and the spiritual aspects of being human. Test your understanding of how these philosophers view human nature and the essence of freedom.