Philosophy of Human Action and Freedom
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Questions and Answers

What does Aristotle convey about the relationship between will and intellect?

  • Will is not involved in practical judgment.
  • Will is the same as intellect.
  • Will separates from intellect and acts upon reason. (correct)
  • Intellect leads to action without will.

    • Freedom is solely related to economic status.

    False

    How do students from different socioeconomic backgrounds pursue their dreams according to the lesson?

    They can pursue their dreams regardless of age or socioeconomic status.

    According to the lesson, freedom is part of human __________ and transcendence.

    <p>authenticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Volition = The will to make choices. Prudence = The exercise of practical judgment. Consequences = Results or effects of actions. Rationality = The ability to think logically and make reasoned choices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Aristotle, what three aspects are interconnected in human action?

    <p>Will, Action, and Reason</p> Signup and view all the answers

    St. Thomas Aquinas believed that humans could achieve moral progress entirely on their own.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Aquinas believe distinguishes humans from animals?

    <p>Humans possess both a spiritual and physical component.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the concepts discussed, humans exercise moral responsibility through their ability to choose between __________ actions.

    <p>right and wrong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the philosophers to their views on human action:

    <p>Aristotle = Interconnectedness of Will, Action, and Reason St. Thomas Aquinas = Cooperation with a higher power for moral progress Both = Humans as moral agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of all human laws according to the discussion?

    <p>Eternal law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Natural law is primarily concerned with the external actions of individuals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of law is based on revelation and guides humanity toward happiness?

    <p>Divine law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Natural law is humanity's participation in __________.

    <p>eternal law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of law with their characteristics:

    <p>Natural Law = Accessible through reason and focuses on good Human Law = Based on common good and addresses external actions Divine Law = Revealed in the Old and New Testaments Eternal Law = God's ultimate decree governing all creation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must human beings do according to the third law of nature?

    <p>Perform their covenants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Covenants can be valid in a state of war.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a commonwealth by institution?

    <p>A multitude of people voluntarily covenant to establish a sovereign.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A commonwealth can be established through ______ or acquisition.

    <p>institution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Commonwealth by Institution = Sovereign obtained through force Commonwealth by Acquisition = Voluntary covenant to establish a sovereign Sovereign's Prerogatives = Unlimited power of the sovereign State of War = Condition where human beings cannot achieve security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Ayn Rand, what is essential for economic progress?

    <p>The individual mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Filipino ethics primarily emphasize individual rights over duties.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Aristotle and Ayn Rand believe about thinking?

    <p>Thinking is volitional.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ayn Rand rejects __________ because she views it as a system of brute force.

    <p>collectivism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the philosophers with their key beliefs:

    <p>Hobbes = Actions are driven by self-interests Rousseau = Values communal freedom Skinner = Environment significantly affects choices Rand = Individual rights over collectivism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Rousseau's view of human nature?

    <p>Humans are born free and good but corrupted by society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rousseau argued that the state originates from an absolute monarchy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'kasarinlan' refer to in the context of the EDSA Revolution?

    <p>self-sufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rousseau's theory emphasizes the surrender of individual rights to the _____ for the sake of peace and freedom.

    <p>general will</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts or events with their descriptions:

    <p>The Social Contract = Theory of human nature by Rousseau EDSA Revolution = Peaceful ousting of Marcos by Filipinos Hobbes = Advocated for absolute monarchy Rousseau = Proposed the idea of absolute democracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the first law of nature according to Hobbes?

    <p>The pursuit of peace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hobbes argues that contracts made in the state of nature are binding.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the mutual exchange of rights in Hobbes' theory?

    <p>contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hobbes notes that one cannot contract to give up the right to __________.

    <p>self-defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms to their definitions according to Hobbes' theory:

    <p>Law of Nature = A general rule established by reason Commonwealth = A political entity formed for collective self-preservation Mutual Divesting = Giving up certain rights for the sake of peace Self-Preservation = The fundamental motive for human action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Hobbes, which of the following is NOT a law of nature?

    <p>Pursuing self-interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hobbes believes that laws of nature are grounded in human nature, not divine authority.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivates the formation of commonwealths or states according to Hobbes?

    <p>rational pursuit of self-preservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Sartre mean by 'existence precedes essence'?

    <p>Individuals create their own meaning after they exist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sartre believes that individuals are responsible for their choices.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term does Sartre use to describe someone who avoids responsibility?

    <p>bad faith</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Sartre, authentic existence is defined solely by one's ________.

    <p>actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best represents Sartre's view on individual freedom?

    <p>Individuals can choose their own destinies without any restrictions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sartre believes that external constraints are necessary for determining one's character.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of conscience in Sartre's view of spiritual freedom?

    <p>It connects actions with God's love.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist won the First Gold Medal for the Spoliarium?

    <p>Juan Luna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The social contract is a concept associated with Hobbes and Rousseau.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does operant conditioning refer to in B.F. Skinner's theory?

    <p>Behavior shaped by consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ninoy Aquino's quote emphasizes the struggle for __________.

    <p>freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following individuals and their contributions:

    <p>Hobbes = Social contract theory advocating strong authority Rousseau = Belief in general will and individual rights B.F. Skinner = Operant conditioning Ninoy Aquino = Opposition to tyranny in the Philippines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between the environment and behavior according to Skinner?

    <p>Environment influences behavior through consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Yelon believes that behavioral psychology correctly understands the roles of reward and punishment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Skinner suggest we should consider when examining behavior?

    <p>Both before and after it responds to the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher is NOT discussed in relation to the concept of freedom?

    <p>Nietzsche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    B.F. Skinner believes that individuals are completely free from environmental influences.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Skinner emphasize the importance of removing from the environment?

    <p>aversive stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Skinner, life presents __________, and to cope with these, we must learn to accept its open-endedness.

    <p>paradoxes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Skinner view rewards and punishments?

    <p>They can be used to redesign the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Skinner argues against the concept of individual responsibility in the context of societal pressure.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major societal values does the document question as healthy or appropriate goals?

    <p>money, property, and prestige</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Skinner encourages a total __________ of how we view our environment.

    <p>transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following perspectives on freedom to their proponents:

    <p>Aristotle = Views freedom relating to virtue Sartre = Believes in existentialist freedom Skinner = Focuses on environmental determinants B.F. Skinner = Argues behavior can be shaped through control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lesson Objectives

    • Students will be able to demonstrate freedom of choice.
    • Students will be able to assess the consequences of their actions.
    • Students will be able to show sensitivity to the actions of others.

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the intricate connections between will, intellect, and socioeconomic factors in achieving dreams, as discussed by Aristotle and Aquinas. This quiz will challenge your understanding of moral responsibility and the relationship between natural law and human action. Dive into the philosophical perspectives surrounding these concepts to enhance your comprehension.

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