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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
What is the origin of the word 'philosophy'?
What is the origin of the word 'philosophy'?
- It comes from Latin roots meaning 'to question'.
- It is derived from Greek words meaning 'to love' and 'wisdom'. (correct)
- It refers to the study of human emotions.
- It stems from ancient Egyptian texts about knowledge.
Who is traditionally credited with the first use of the term 'philosophy'?
Who is traditionally credited with the first use of the term 'philosophy'?
- Plato
- Pythagoras (correct)
- Aristotle
- Socrates
What distinguishes a holistic perspective from a partial point of view?
What distinguishes a holistic perspective from a partial point of view?
- A holistic perspective focuses on individual knowledge.
- A partial point of view is always more accurate.
- A holistic perspective encompasses a broader view of life. (correct)
- A holistic perspective considers only personal experiences.
What is a result of philosophical reflection according to the objectives mentioned?
What is a result of philosophical reflection according to the objectives mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a class of people according to Pythagoras?
Which of the following is NOT a class of people according to Pythagoras?
What characterizes a philosophical approach according to the content?
What characterizes a philosophical approach according to the content?
What does the 'Lovers of Knowledge' category signify in Pythagoras's classification?
What does the 'Lovers of Knowledge' category signify in Pythagoras's classification?
Which of the following statements about the aims of philosophy is correct?
Which of the following statements about the aims of philosophy is correct?
What concept is primarily concerned with the analysis of aesthetic experience?
What concept is primarily concerned with the analysis of aesthetic experience?
Which branch of philosophy deals with the origin and verification of knowledge?
Which branch of philosophy deals with the origin and verification of knowledge?
What is emphasized as a benefit of aesthetics in our knowledge of the world?
What is emphasized as a benefit of aesthetics in our knowledge of the world?
What aspect does logic analyze in the context of reasoning?
What aspect does logic analyze in the context of reasoning?
Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of ethics?
Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of ethics?
Which two major theories of knowledge does epistemology explore?
Which two major theories of knowledge does epistemology explore?
What does the term 'aisthetikos' refer to in the context of aesthetics?
What does the term 'aisthetikos' refer to in the context of aesthetics?
Which of the following is NOT a function of aesthetics according to the provided content?
Which of the following is NOT a function of aesthetics according to the provided content?
What distinguishes philosophy from other sciences?
What distinguishes philosophy from other sciences?
Which principle states that a thing cannot both be and not be at the same time?
Which principle states that a thing cannot both be and not be at the same time?
What does the Principle of Sufficient Reason imply?
What does the Principle of Sufficient Reason imply?
Which of the following best describes a common activity of philosophy?
Which of the following best describes a common activity of philosophy?
Which statement accurately reflects one concept of philosophy?
Which statement accurately reflects one concept of philosophy?
What is the focus of philosophical inquiry as inferred from the meanings of concepts?
What is the focus of philosophical inquiry as inferred from the meanings of concepts?
How might one define 'philosophy' in a comprehensive manner?
How might one define 'philosophy' in a comprehensive manner?
Which of the following principles states that a thing must either exist or not exist?
Which of the following principles states that a thing must either exist or not exist?
What does metaphysics primarily inquire about?
What does metaphysics primarily inquire about?
Which ethical theory focuses on collective well-being rather than individualism?
Which ethical theory focuses on collective well-being rather than individualism?
What question does teleological theory primarily consider?
What question does teleological theory primarily consider?
Which philosopher is primarily associated with deontological ethics?
Which philosopher is primarily associated with deontological ethics?
What does virtue ethics emphasize in ethical considerations?
What does virtue ethics emphasize in ethical considerations?
Relativism in ethics is primarily concerned with what aspect?
Relativism in ethics is primarily concerned with what aspect?
Which of the following is NOT a focus of metaphysics?
Which of the following is NOT a focus of metaphysics?
Which ethical theory is most concerned with the question of happiness and pleasure?
Which ethical theory is most concerned with the question of happiness and pleasure?
Questions and Answers
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Philosophy Overview
- Philosophy derives from the Greek words "Philo" (love) and "Sophia" (wisdom).
- Pythagoras is attributed with the first use of the term, distinguishing between lovers of gain, honor, and knowledge.
- Emphasizes a holistic approach to perspective, recognizing deliberate reflection in human activities.
Philosophical Approach
- Systematic and organized, philosophy applies specific procedures similar to scientific disciplines.
- Utilizes natural reasoning rather than supernatural revelations, distinguishing it from theology.
Definition of Philosophy
- Defined as a science that investigates first causes or highest principles of all things through reason.
- Key principles in philosophy include:
- Principle of Identity: Every entity has a unique identity.
- Principle of Excluded Middle: States must either exist or not; no middle ground.
- Principle of Non-Contradiction: Entities cannot exist and not exist simultaneously.
- Principle of Sufficient Reason: Every occurrence must have a sufficient reason.
Concepts of Philosophy
- Individuals unconsciously possess a personal philosophy influencing beliefs and actions.
- Reflection and analysis of beliefs can constitute philosophy.
- Philosophy can also be viewed as a systematic study of language and concepts.
Branches of Philosophy
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Metaphysics: Examines fundamental questions about existence, space, time, and the divine.
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Ethics: Focuses on human conduct, defining norms for right and wrong. Key positions in ethics:
- Natural Law/Divine Command emphasizes collective morality.
- Teleological Theory analyzes consequences based on pleasure for the majority.
- Deontological Ethics stresses moral duty and obligations, associated with Immanuel Kant.
- Virtue Ethics centers on character and moral virtue beyond materialism, with influences from Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
- Relativism assesses morality based on societal norms and customs.
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Aesthetics: Comes from "aisthetikos," related to sensitivity and perception, analyzing beauty and aesthetic experiences.
- Importance includes enriching knowledge, enhancing genuine living, and connecting with culture.
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Epistemology: Originates from "epistēmē," focusing on knowledge, its origins (empiricism vs. rationalism), and validation.
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Logic: Investigates the rules governing reasoning, encompassing deductive and inductive methods to promote logical thought.
Philosophical Traditions
- Historical perspectives include Pre-Philosophical & Pre-Socratic, Socrates and the Socratic School, Western Philosophy, and Eastern Philosophy.
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