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Questions and Answers
Which defense mechanism involves adopting behaviors that are opposite to one's unwanted impulses?
Which defense mechanism involves adopting behaviors that are opposite to one's unwanted impulses?
Self-image is solely determined by intrinsic factors.
Self-image is solely determined by intrinsic factors.
False
What is the term for the ability to reflect on oneself and understand one's emotions, thoughts, and behaviors?
What is the term for the ability to reflect on oneself and understand one's emotions, thoughts, and behaviors?
Self-awareness
________ is a defense mechanism that involves trying to make up for inappropriate thoughts, feelings, or behavior.
________ is a defense mechanism that involves trying to make up for inappropriate thoughts, feelings, or behavior.
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Match the terms related to self-development with their definitions:
Match the terms related to self-development with their definitions:
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What is the primary purpose of the Johari Window?
What is the primary purpose of the Johari Window?
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Denial is a type of defense mechanism where a person acknowledges their feelings openly.
Denial is a type of defense mechanism where a person acknowledges their feelings openly.
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Which defense mechanism involves taking feelings out on other people?
Which defense mechanism involves taking feelings out on other people?
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The area known as the _______ includes feelings and information that a person consciously keeps from their mind.
The area known as the _______ includes feelings and information that a person consciously keeps from their mind.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of defense mechanism listed?
Which of the following is NOT a type of defense mechanism listed?
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Match the following defense mechanisms with their descriptions:
Match the following defense mechanisms with their descriptions:
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The Hidden Area refers to what a person knows about themselves but others do not.
The Hidden Area refers to what a person knows about themselves but others do not.
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What type of area in the Johari Window represents information neither a person nor others are aware of?
What type of area in the Johari Window represents information neither a person nor others are aware of?
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Which concept suggests that our actions are not predictable from past causes?
Which concept suggests that our actions are not predictable from past causes?
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The 'I Self' refers to the reflective side of personality.
The 'I Self' refers to the reflective side of personality.
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What is the main purpose of living according to William James?
What is the main purpose of living according to William James?
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According to Viktor Frankl, one's search for meaning can help them survive, as he believed in the power of _____ to influence life changes.
According to Viktor Frankl, one's search for meaning can help them survive, as he believed in the power of _____ to influence life changes.
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Match the terms with their descriptions:
Match the terms with their descriptions:
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Which of the following best describes the 'Me Self' in Carl Rogers's theory?
Which of the following best describes the 'Me Self' in Carl Rogers's theory?
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William James believed that changing one's attitude can lead to changes in life circumstances.
William James believed that changing one's attitude can lead to changes in life circumstances.
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What does the term 'Pure Ego' refer to in the context of personality theory?
What does the term 'Pure Ego' refer to in the context of personality theory?
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Which of the following best describes Western thought regarding self-concept?
Which of the following best describes Western thought regarding self-concept?
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Eastern thought prioritizes personal desires over group harmony.
Eastern thought prioritizes personal desires over group harmony.
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What does Western art often celebrate?
What does Western art often celebrate?
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In decision-making, Western individuals typically prioritize __________ over group consensus.
In decision-making, Western individuals typically prioritize __________ over group consensus.
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Match the cultural context with its characteristics:
Match the cultural context with its characteristics:
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Eastern attire?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Eastern attire?
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In the West, hierarchies are often rigid and authority is rarely challenged.
In the West, hierarchies are often rigid and authority is rarely challenged.
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What is one way in which dance styles differ between Western and Eastern cultures?
What is one way in which dance styles differ between Western and Eastern cultures?
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What is a key concept established by Albert Bandura in the field of sociology?
What is a key concept established by Albert Bandura in the field of sociology?
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High self-efficacy can lead to decreased resilience during challenges.
High self-efficacy can lead to decreased resilience during challenges.
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Name one source of self-efficacy according to Bandura.
Name one source of self-efficacy according to Bandura.
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According to Marx, self-alienation describes the loss of connection to one’s __________.
According to Marx, self-alienation describes the loss of connection to one’s __________.
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Match the source of self-efficacy with its description:
Match the source of self-efficacy with its description:
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Which sociologist focused on how societies maintain coherence in modernity?
Which sociologist focused on how societies maintain coherence in modernity?
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According to Bandura, behaviors are formed solely through individual reflection and reasoning.
According to Bandura, behaviors are formed solely through individual reflection and reasoning.
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What does Bandura refer to as the belief in one's capabilities to perform tasks that affect their life?
What does Bandura refer to as the belief in one's capabilities to perform tasks that affect their life?
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What aspect of psychology does culture primarily influence according to the content?
What aspect of psychology does culture primarily influence according to the content?
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Self-identity is solely a product of one's personal beliefs.
Self-identity is solely a product of one's personal beliefs.
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What does 'Moi' refer to in the context of self and identity?
What does 'Moi' refer to in the context of self and identity?
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Culture is the accumulated totality of _____ patterns that manifest in different societies.
Culture is the accumulated totality of _____ patterns that manifest in different societies.
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Match the key figures with their theories:
Match the key figures with their theories:
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What is the primary purpose of understanding culture in psychology?
What is the primary purpose of understanding culture in psychology?
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According to the content, self-development is a one-time process that does not evolve.
According to the content, self-development is a one-time process that does not evolve.
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What role does language play in culture according to the content?
What role does language play in culture according to the content?
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Study Notes
Philosophy (Introduction)
- Philosophy is a mental training tool, enabling clear, analytical, and powerful thinking.
- Studying philosophy profoundly alters a person.
- Philosophical thinking promotes thoughtfulness, open-mindedness, and awareness of life's complexities.
- It encourages critical thinking, deep understanding, and better decision-making.
- It facilitates reaching one's full potential.
What is Philosophy?
- It's the pursuit of knowledge through rational thought, answering questions about the nature and existence of mankind and the world.
- It's often considered the foundation of various disciplines.
What is Self?
- It is defined as a unified being, intrinsically connected to consciousness, awareness, and the ability to make rational choices.
- Self-concept is how a person perceives themselves.
- Self-identity is how a person projects themselves, shaped by social interactions.
Socrates
- Emphasized "knowing oneself".
- Died as a martyr for his belief in opposing ignorance and narrow-mindedness.
- Believed that acknowledging ignorance was the first step towards knowledge.
- Developed the Socratic method, using questions to stimulate critical thinking.
Plato
- "Father of the Academy," student of Socrates.
- Emphasized self-knowledge.
- Founder of the Academy, a significant learning institution.
- Wrote on various topics such as politics, human nature, and virtue.
- Believed that a person seeking truth and wisdom would resist temptation towards vice.
St. Augustine
- Believed strong faith in God enhances life.
- Empathized on self-understanding in relation to God, highlighting the likeness people share with God while acknowledging their limitations.
Rene Descartes
- Considered the "father of modern philosophy."
- Pioneered scientific methods in philosophy, emphasizing constant questioning of existence as proof of one's own existence.
- Developed the famous phrase "Cogito ergo sum" ("I think, therefore I am").
John Locke
- Influenced modern governance, economics, and politics.
- Challenged absolute monarchies.
- Introduced the concept of "Tabula Rasa" (blank slate), suggesting that humans are born without innate knowledge and learn through experience.
David Hume
- Focused on skepticism, empiricism, and naturalism.
- Proposed that the self is a bundle of experiences and impressions, with no permanent essence.
Immanuel Kant
- Focused on empiricism and rationalism.
- Emphasized that understanding the self requires consciousness to synthesize experiences, impressions, and perceptions.
- He believed that the mind actively organizes impressions to create a sense of self.
Sigmund Freud
- "Father of psychoanalysis."
- Explored the unconscious mind, impacting human nature and the development of personality.
- Developed the structural model of the psyche (Id, Ego, Superego).
Max Weber
- Believed religion was core to morality.
- Emphasized Protestant values in the development of capitalism.
Karl Marx
- Theorized self-alienation, the loss of connection to one's essence in society.
- Linked alienation to capitalism and workplace dynamics.
Lewis Morgan
- Studied Iroquois society, establishing a standard for future anthropology.
- Proposed a theory that all humans descended from a common source.
- Developed a theory of social evolution, through stages.
Marcel Mauss
- Developed the concept of primitive classification, suggesting humans remain the same even as their context changes.
- Studied the idea of culture and how shared systems are inherited.
George Herbert Mead
- Developed the symbolic interaction perspective, emphasizing how people interact and create meaning from symbols and language.
- Stated "I" as the active, spontaneous part of the self (the doer); "Me" as the socialized response to others.
Edward T. Hall
- Emphasized how understanding oneself benefits from engaging with other cultures.
- His work highlighted cultural differences in aspects of life that are taken for granted.
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Description
Test your understanding of key philosophical concepts, including the nature of philosophy, the self, and the ideas of Socrates. Explore how philosophical thinking shapes critical analysis and personal growth. This quiz challenges you to think deeply about the foundations of thought and existence.
