Understanding the Self: Philosophy and Self Lesson 2

Study Notes

Philosophy is known as the mother of all disciplines; it laid the groundwork for various fields of study.
Originates from the Greek words "Philo" (loving) and "Sophia" (knowledge, wisdom), reflecting its essence as "loving knowledge" or "loving wisdom."
It involves examining one's existence, knowledge, and moral judgment through rational arguments.
Philosophical exploration of the self focuses on self-knowledge as essential for a fulfilling and meaningful life.

Socrates emphasized the importance of self-examination: “The unexamined life is not worth living.”
He taught that self-knowledge leads to wisdom and mastery over oneself.
Socratic philosophy places virtue at the core of human existence, asserting that true happiness comes from knowing oneself.

Plato, a student of Socrates, expanded on his ideas with the Theory of Forms, positing that the ultimate reality transcends the physical world.
Introduced the notion of a tripartite soul consisting of:
- Reason: the capacity for rational thought and wisdom
- Appetite: drives related to biological needs
- Spirit/Passion: encompassing emotions like love, anger, and ambition
He argued that the soul is the divine essence that allows comprehension of eternal truths.

St. Augustine synthesized Platonic ideas with Christian teachings, establishing the self as an immaterial and rational soul.
His work contributes to understanding the self within a theological context, highlighting the distinction between the spiritual and physical realms.

Loving Knowledge: The pursuit of wisdom intrinsic to philosophy.
Self-Examination: Essential for personal growth, virtue, and happiness according to Socratic thought.
Three-Part Soul: Plato's model, detailing the rational, appetitive, and passionate aspects of the self.
Immaterial Soul: Augustine's belief in the self as a rational essence separate from the physical body.

Self-knowledge is posited as crucial for leading a happy and meaningful life.
Consideration of how others perceive oneself is encouraged as part of the self-discovery process.