Philosophy Chapter 3: What Is Truth?

Study Notes

Philosophers historically debated the existence of an ultimate "Truth" (capital T) as an error-proof, complete record of all reality.
This concept was seen as a spiritual notion rather than a physical entity, existing beyond time and space.
Perspectives on knowing "Truth" varied: some denied it was knowable, others believed only in the afterlife, while some thought only the wisest could glimpse it.
Critics argued the notion of an all-encompassing Truth is unrealistic and lacked evidence, viewing it as wishful thinking.

Contemporary views often consider truth to be relative and subjective, with the idea that "everyone creates their own truth."
This perspective implies that personal beliefs are inherently valid, leading to challenges in critical discussions.
The belief that everyone is right negates the possibility of objective truths, posing problems for educational assessments.

The concept of independent truth creation is questioned when reflecting on childhood dependency on others for knowledge and beliefs.
Early understanding is shaped by parental input, raising skepticism about the notion of entirely autonomous truths.

Truth should be seen as an objective reality, determined by accurate facts and their relations, not just personal beliefs.
Assertions are true when they align with the reality of situations and false when they do not.
The search for truth involves inquiry, curiosity, and diligent efforts to uncover facts, rather than subjective or wishful thinking.
Facts, such as historical events or scientific principles, exist independently of awareness, emphasizing that truth is not contingent on belief.

Perceptions and memories are flawed, potentially leading to incorrect beliefs that individuals might hold as their personal truths.
The distinction between created beliefs and discovered truths highlights the importance of verifying claims against objective reality.
Examples, such as archaeological discoveries or understanding gravity, illustrate that truth exists independently, awaiting discovery.