Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to PLATO, what is the soul?
According to PLATO, what is the soul?
Which philosopher believed that an unexamined life is not worth living?
Which philosopher believed that an unexamined life is not worth living?
According to RENE DESCARTES, what validates existence?
According to RENE DESCARTES, what validates existence?
What did GILBERT RYLE define as the self?
What did GILBERT RYLE define as the self?
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Which philosopher argued for the dualism of body and soul?
Which philosopher argued for the dualism of body and soul?
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According to IMMANUEL KANT, what constructs the self?
According to IMMANUEL KANT, what constructs the self?
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What did Rene Descartes recognize and express in his MEDITATIONS?
What did Rene Descartes recognize and express in his MEDITATIONS?
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According to Karl Jaspers, what did he believe about the being of a human person?
According to Karl Jaspers, what did he believe about the being of a human person?
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What did Immanuel Kant believe about the responsibility of a human person?
What did Immanuel Kant believe about the responsibility of a human person?
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According to John Locke, what is the criterion for personal identity?
According to John Locke, what is the criterion for personal identity?
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What does the view of the duality of body and soul hold?
What does the view of the duality of body and soul hold?
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What is the special branch of philosophy that deals with the puzzle of human consciousness?
What is the special branch of philosophy that deals with the puzzle of human consciousness?
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What does existentiality refer to in relation to a human person’s future?
What does existentiality refer to in relation to a human person’s future?
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What did St. Thomas Aquinas believe about body and soul?
What did St. Thomas Aquinas believe about body and soul?
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'Tabula rasa' originates from which Latin word?
'Tabula rasa' originates from which Latin word?
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What did Karl Jaspers refer to as 'boundary situations' according to his philosophy?
What did Karl Jaspers refer to as 'boundary situations' according to his philosophy?
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Study Notes
Philosophy of the Soul and Existence
- PLATO defined the soul as the essence of a person, involving reason, spirit, and appetite; it is immortal and the true self.
- Socrates is famous for stating that an unexamined life is not worth living, emphasizing introspection and self-awareness.
- RENE DESCARTES asserted that "I think, therefore I am" validates existence, illustrating the connection between thought and reality.
- GILBERT RYLE defined the self as the set of behaviors and dispositions exhibited by a person rather than as a discrete entity.
- The dualism of body and soul was championed by philosophers such as RENE DESCARTES and PLATO, suggesting they are fundamentally distinct substances.
- IMMANUEL KANT believed that self-construction relies on experiences and perceptions through the faculty of reason and understanding.
Philosophical Insights on Identity and Responsibility
- In his MEDITATIONS, RENE DESCARTES recognized the importance of doubt and introspection in achieving certain knowledge.
- KARL JASPERS described the being of a human person as existentially bound to their experiences and consciousness.
- IMMANUEL KANT argued that a human being is morally responsible for their actions, grounded in rationality and autonomy.
- JOHN LOCKE posited that personal identity is based on consciousness and memory, rather than biological continuity.
Philosophical Concepts and Terminology
- The duality of body and soul posits that the body is a physical entity, while the soul represents an immaterial essence or consciousness.
- The study of human consciousness falls under the branch of philosophy known as phenomenology or the philosophy of mind.
- Existentiality relates to the individual's capacity to shape their future through choices and actions, affirming personal agency.
- ST. THOMAS AQUINAS articulated that body and soul are united in a composite nature, with the soul providing a vital essence to the body.
- 'Tabula rasa' translates from Latin as "blank slate," suggesting that individuals are born without innate ideas and acquire knowledge through experience.
- KARL JASPERS referred to 'boundary situations' as critical moments of crisis or existential decision that challenge and define human existence.
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Description
Test your understanding of philosophy with a review of key thinkers' views on self-discovery, such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, St. Augustine, Descartes, Kant, Locke, and Hume.
