Philosophy and AI Concepts Quiz

Refers to what is real or existing in the present moment, as opposed to what is merely possible or hypothetical.

Refers to what could exist or occur, given the absence of contradictions or external constraints.

A property or state of affairs that must be true, regardless of circumstances or conditions. A necessary truth cannot be false.

A belief that is foundational and not derived from other beliefs. Basic beliefs are typically considered self-evident or directly justified without further support.

Desires that are independent of conditions or contingencies, as opposed to conditional desires that depend on certain circumstances or outcomes.

A British philosopher known for his work in logical positivism and his defense of empiricism. His major work, Language, Truth, and Logic, argued for the verification principle and the rejection of metaphysics.

A British mathematician and computer scientist who is considered the father of modern computing and artificial intelligence. He proposed the Turing Test as a way of measuring a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior.

Fundamental particles of matter, traditionally considered indivisible in classical physics but later understood to consist of subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons).

The state of being absolutely certain of a belief or proposition. It's a crucial element of knowledge in many philosophical views.

An exaggerated loyalty and belief in the superiority of one's own group. Can refer to nationalism, sexism, or other forms of prejudice.

A thought experiment that questions whether a computer can truly understand what it processes, even if it acts intelligently.

The idea that all events in the universe are governed by physical laws, suggesting that everything is predictable and explainable.

Descartes' famous statement, 'I think, therefore I am,' using self-awareness as the basis for knowledge.

Desires that depend on specific conditions or circumstances. For example, wanting a drink only when thirsty.

The view that free will and determinism are not incompatible. We can still have free will even if everything is predetermined.

Ideas made up of simpler ideas, like the idea of 'tree' combining the ideas of 'branches' and 'leaves'.

The philosophical view that all events, including human actions, are determined by preceding events in accordance with the natural laws. This suggests that everything is pre-determined and we have no free will.

A fictional philosopher from Plato's Symposium who teaches Socrates about love (eros). They argue that love is a progressive journey from physical attraction to intellectual and spiritual enlightenment.

The view that reality is composed of two fundamentally distinct substances, often mind and body, or mental and physical. The mind and body are treated as separate and independent entities.

An idea that our common-sense mental states, like beliefs and desires, don't really exist. They are merely products of our brain and should be eliminated in favor of purely scientific explanations.

A philosophical position that knowledge primarily comes from our sensory experiences and observations, and that we learn primarily through our senses.

A view suggesting that mental states are caused by physical processes in the brain, but they have no influence on physical states. In other words, our thoughts don't affect our actions.

A thought experiment by René Descartes where a powerful demon is imagined to deceive us about the very nature of reality, leading to deep uncertainty about our knowledge.

The process of making something understandable by explaining its causes, principles, or reasoning. It involves providing clarity and understanding.

Basic awareness of the world or oneself. It is contrasted with higher or more complex levels of consciousness.

The view that all actions are determined by prior events, meaning free will is an illusion.

Ancient Greek philosopher who believed everything is constantly changing.

A logical problem related to the existence of evil. It raises questions about God's omnipotence, omnibenevolence, and the presence of suffering.

The issue of how each belief requires justification by another, creating an endless chain of justifications with no grounding.

The theory that certain ideas or concepts are innate, present from birth, rather than learned through experience.

The problem in dualism of explaining how the non-physical mind interacts with the physical body, given their different nature.

The belief must be true, the person must hold the belief, and the belief must be justified.

Two things are identical if and only if they share all the same properties.

The idea that some forms of knowledge are attainable, but others are not, rather than denying all knowledge altogether.

The view that everything is physical, and mental experiences are results of physical processes.

A proponent who argued that reality is unchanging and change is an illusion.

A method of inquiry that starts by questioning the certainty of all knowledge to find a solid foundation.

A view that mental states are equivalent to physical brain states.

A principle stating that the simplest explanation with fewer assumptions is usually the best.

The philosophical question of what makes a person the same over time, despite changes in their body and mind.

A British poet known for his reflections on life, death, and human experience, often seen as existentialist in tone.

Plato was a student of Socrates and the author of many philosophical dialogues. Socrates is known for his method of questioning and dialogue aimed at defining moral concepts.

A statement or proposition that provides support for the conclusion in an argument.

The concept in quantum mechanics that at the microscopic level, particles do not have definite properties until they are measured, and their behavior is probabilistic rather than deterministic.

The epistemological view that reason and intellect are the primary sources of knowledge, often contrasted with empiricism, which emphasizes sensory experience.

The idea that complex systems can be understood by reducing them to their simpler components or by explaining phenomena in terms of more fundamental principles.

The idea that an entity's identity can change depending on the context or frame of reference in which it is observed, as suggested by theories of personal identity and quantum mechanics.