Philosophie Politique Libérale
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Questions and Answers

Quel est le principal parti d'opposition aux Tories après la perte de puissance des Whigs?

  • Le Parti libéral
  • Le Parti socialiste
  • Le Parti travailliste (correct)
  • Le Parti conservateur

    • Qui étaient principalement soutenus par l'aristocratie lors de la Révolution anglaise?

  • Les Républicains
  • Les Tories (correct)
  • Les Whigs
  • Les Libéraux

    • Dans la monarchie parlementaire allemande, qui nomme le chancelier impérial?

  • Le peuple
  • Le Bundesrat
  • Le Kaiser (correct)
  • Le Bundestag

    • Quel concept décrit la division entre grande Allemagne et petite Allemagne?

    <p>Une discussion sur l'unicité allemande</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qui représente le peuple dans la structure bicamérale de la monarchie parlementaire allemande?

    <p>Le Bundestag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel rôle a joué Camillo Cavour dans la monarchie parlementaire italienne?

    <p>Premier ministre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    À quelle période l'unification italienne (Risorgimento) a-t-elle commencé?

    <p>1848</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel type de suffrage a été mis en place en Italie en 1919?

    <p>Suffrage universel masculin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est le principal objectif des libéraux en matière de pouvoir?

    <p>Restreindre le pouvoir absolu et établir un régime constitutionnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    En quoi consiste le bicamérisme?

    <p>Un système avec deux chambres représentant les États fédéraux et régionaux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est le rôle principal de la Chambre des Lords dans le système parlementaire britannique?

    <p>Représenter l'aristocratie foncière et siéger à vie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel documentaire législatif limite le pouvoir royal dans la monarchie britannique?

    <p>Le Bill of Rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelle caractéristique définit le modèle de Westminster?

    <p>Les membres du Parlement détiennent une partie du pouvoir exécutif</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est l'un des droits naturels promus par les penseurs libéraux?

    <p>Le droit à la propriété</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelle est une différence clé entre le bicamérisme et le monocamérisme?

    <p>Le bicamérisme permet une représentation à différents niveaux gouvernementaux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel concept politique est caractérisé par un ensemble de normes et valeurs définissant les comportements politiques d'une collectivité?

    <p>Culture politique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Philosophie Politique Libérale

    • Liberty is fundamental; individual rights outweigh state interests.
    • Pre-1848 liberalism was associated with the left, but later evolved into a right-leaning bourgeoisie liberal movement.
    • Key thinkers like Hobbes and Montesquieu developed natural rights theories (religious tolerance, property rights, etc.).
    • Social contract theory emphasizes individual agreements forming a public power structure, limiting absolute power.
    • Liberalism advocates for constitutional and bicameral parliamentary systems.

    Cultures Politiques

    • Culture encompasses societal norms, values, knowledge, and beliefs regulating political behavior.
    • These vary across individuals and countries.

    Bicameralism

    • Bicameralism, in contrast to a single-chamber system, involves two legislative chambers.
    • Federal states often employ bicameralism, with one chamber representing the national populace and another representing regional interests.
    • Unitary or non-federal states may use bicameralism to balance legislative power against the executive branch.

    British Monarchy

    • The British monarchy is a parliamentary system with restricted royal power.
    • Documents like the Bill of Rights and Habeas Corpus limit arbitrary power and protect liberties like freedom of the press.
    • Religious freedom (albeit still within an overarching Anglican dominance) and religious tolerance exist.

    Westminster Model

    • The Westminster system is a governing structure based in the UK.
    • It exhibits characteristics like executive power shared with Parliament members.
    • The legislative power is executed through the Houses of Parliament.

    Parliament

    • The Parliament is structured into the House of Lords (representing the aristocracy) and the House of Commons (representing the people).
    • The Lords hold life appointments and often have clerical/military roles; the Commons are directly elected by universal suffrage.
    • The House of Commons holds the exclusive power to generate financial bills.
    • The early 19th century experienced increasing democratic pressures with expanding suffrage and decreasing power of the House of Lords.

    German Empire (1871-1918), Weimar Republic (1918-1933), and Nazi Germany (1933-1945)

    • The German Empire was a parliamentary monarchy with a dual chamber parliament (the Bundestag and the Bundesrat).

    • The German emperor (Kaiser) held significant power over the selection of the Chancellor and legislative process.

    • The unification process faced internal conflicts (Great vs Small Germany).

    • Bismarck's role in the formation of the German Empire is significant.

    • The Weimar Republic saw significant shifts in government structure.

    • Post-WWI Germany adopted a presidential system with a bicameral parliament.

    • The Third Reich (Nazi Germany) was marked by a totalitarian dictatorship with significant power imbalances within the government structure.

    Italian Unification

    • The process called "Risorgimento" led to the unification of Italy in the 19th century.
    • A constitutional monarchy with elected Chambers and an appointed Senate with representatives from families and the aristocracy.

    Suffrage and Suffragettes

    • The expansion of suffrage (the right to vote) in Europe occurred in two major waves after WWI and WWII.
    • The suffragette movement, primarily in Great Britain, led the fight for women's suffrage and created a significant shift in women's political rights.

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    Description

    Ce quiz explore les concepts fondamentaux de la philosophie politique libérale, y compris la définition de la liberté, les droits individuels et l'évolution du libéralisme. Il aborde également la théorie du contrat social et l'importance du bicaméralisme dans les systèmes politiques modernes.

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