Philosophy of Education Quiz: Principles in Education

Study Notes

Frederick Skinner's work led to the development of the Theory of Operant Conditioning, which states that behavior is determined or influenced by its consequences.
Maria Montessori's clinic focused on how sensory stimulation from the environment shapes thinking and emphasized progressive child-centered approaches with freedom within structure.
Jean Piaget suggested that intelligence changes as a child grows.
Lev Vygotsky was a proponent of the theory on Zone of Proximal Development and sociocultural development.
Abraham Maslow observed that humans are striving to control behavior and gratify themselves, and proposed the "Hierarchy of Needs".
Carl Rogers advocated for the client-centered therapy, where the teacher creates an atmosphere of opportunities for the learners.

The Precolonial Period's objective was to prepare children to become good husbands and wives, and productive members of the community.
The Spanish Era established parochial schools to spread Christianity throughout the archipelago.
The Philippine Revolutionary Period made primary education free and compulsory, and secondary education was provided by the government through the Burgos Institute of Malolos.
The American Period used education as an instrument to pacify the natives, and established the Philippine public-school system for free education and teacher training.
The University of the Philippines was created in 1908 under the Act No. 1870 by the Philippine Commission and the Philippine Assembly.
The Japanese Occupation re-opened schools and established the Commission of Education, Health, and Philosophy.

Philosophy is a form of thinking that guides, questions, and prescribes a way of life.
Perennialism believes that some ideas have lasted over centuries and are still relevant today.
Essentialism advocates for instilling in students with the essentials of academic knowledge and character development.
Progressivism believes that children should learn as if they were scientists using the scientific method.
Reconstructionism argues that students must be taught how to bring about change.
Existentialism helps learners develop their own values and understand themselves within their own cultural context.

Psychology involves the learning process that every individual goes through, including social, emotional, or intellectual development.
Behaviorism focuses on conditioning or modifying behavior through reinforcement and rewards.
Edward Thorndike developed the idea of Connectionism through his research with animals using stimulus-response.
Ivan Pavlov is known for his experiment with salivating dogs, which involves eliciting an unconditioned response by using previously neutral stimuli.
James Watson is known for his stance on "nurture vs. nature", which strengthens the argument for the influence of experiences as opposed to genetics.