Questions and Answers
Compare and contrast the philosophers of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois.
Booker T. Washington believed racism and discrimination will always exist, and advocated for economic self-sufficiency through practical skills education. W.E.B. Du Bois opposed this view, believing in fighting for civil rights and liberal arts education for the top 10% of African Americans.
What were the important developments of the technological revolution in the decades after the Civil War?
The most important change was the transition from steam to electricity, leading to the creation of electrical grids and innovations such as refrigerators, sewing machines, lights, elevators, telephones, and mass production.
What effects did the development of railroads have on industrial growth?
The development of railroads allowed for expanded markets as products could be shipped cheaper and more easily.
How did social Darwinism affect Americans' view on big business?
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Describe factory work at the turn of the century.
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What impact did industrialization have on the gulf between rich and poor?
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What were the goals of the early labor unions in the United States?
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What were the causes and outcomes of the major strikes in the late 1800s?
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Study Notes
Philosophers of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois
- Booker T. Washington accepted the permanence of racism and discrimination, advocating for economic self-sufficiency through vocational training.
- Established Tuskegee Institute focused on practical skills to empower African Americans economically.
- W.E.B. Du Bois opposed the acceptance of racial inequality, emphasizing the need to fight for civil rights.
- Advocated for the education of the top 10% of African Americans through liberal arts to combat discrimination.
- Both leaders were significant figures in the African American community with a shared goal of advancing the welfare of African Americans despite differing methodologies.
Technological Revolution after the Civil War
- Transition from steam power to electricity marked a significant technological advancement.
- Edison's work facilitated the development of electrical grids, bringing power to urban areas.
- Innovations included refrigerators, sewing machines, electric lights, elevators, telephones, telegraphs, and the Bessemer process.
- The shift enabled mass production and transformed various industries.
Effects of Railroads on Industrial Growth
- Railroads significantly enhanced industrial growth by improving transportation.
- Allowed markets to expand, enabling cheaper and more efficient shipment of goods across regions.
- Contributed to economic integration and increased trade opportunities.
Impact of Social Darwinism on Big Business
- Social Darwinism promoted the idea that only the strongest businesses would thrive in a capitalist society.
- Justified laissez-faire economics, advocating minimal government interference in business operations.
- Supported the belief that individuals could achieve success without government regulation.
Factory Work at the Turn of the Century
- Factories were overcrowded with inadequate working conditions.
- Workers faced low wages, minimal benefits, and excessively long hours.
- Child labor was prevalent, reflecting the harsh realities of industrial work environments.
Industrialization and Economic Disparities
- Industrialization widened the economic gap between rich factory owners and the working poor.
- Factory owners gained substantial wealth, while poor workers remained impoverished.
- There was a noticeable rise in the middle class, indicating some socio-economic mobility.
Goals of Early Labor Unions in the U.S.
- Early labor unions aimed to enhance wages, improve working conditions, and reduce working hours.
- Focused on securing better benefits for workers and advocating for labor rights.
Causes and Outcomes of Major Strikes in the Late 1800s
- Railroad Strike of 1877: Triggered by wage cuts; resulted in violence and unrest.
- Haymarket Square Riot of 1886: Sparked by the demand for eight-hour workdays; led to a decline of the Knights of Labor.
- Homestead Strike of 1892: Caused by wage cuts during an economic downturn; resulted in loss of power for steelworker unions.
- Pullman Strike of 1893: Stemmed from wage reductions; limited the influence of labor unions in future strikes.
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Description
This quiz explores the contrasting philosophies of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois. It delves into their beliefs regarding racism and economic independence for African Americans, highlighting Washington's practical education approach and DuBois's focus on political rights and higher education.
