Philippine Revolts: Lakandula & Sulayman

Masterminds: Lakandula and Raha Sulayman, last native Kings of Maynilad and Tondo.
Took place in Navotas.
Caused by Lavezari's reversal of Legazpi's policies.
Resulted in failure of the revolt.

Regarded as the first conspiracy to overthrow Spanish rule, precursor to Bonifacio's Katipunan.
Key figures: Agustin Legazpi, grandson of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi; Martin Pangan; nephew of Lakandula.
Aimed to regain lost freedom.
Occurred in Manila.

Cause stemmed from tribute during Governor Francisco Tello's rule.
Brothers investigated Cagayan's resistance, leading to conflict.
Magalat continued fighting after being pardoned, leading to deaths of Spaniards and natives.
Spanish efforts to quell the revolt were unsuccessful; Magalat was ultimately assassinated.

Caused by refusal to accept Christianity imposed by Spaniards.
Spaniards aimed to convert Igorots and exert colonial control in Luzon.
Expeditions were launched against the native resistance but only nominal control was established.

Initiated under the oppression of Spanish officials.
Led by Gabriel Dayag and Felix Cutabay against oppressive enconmienderos.
Rebels allowed friars to leave peacefully, but revolted against Spanish authorities, killing commanders and burning houses.
Ended without battle after a call for peace by Fr. Santo Thomas.

Sparked by a return to native religion.
Tamblot, a babaylan, proclaimed the arrival of a diwata promising abundance without tribute.
News of the revolt spread, leading to increased resistance against colonial rule.

Led by Bangkaw, a former Christian convert and ruler of Limawasa, who renounced Christianity at age 75.
Revolt arose against Spanish missionaries who suppressed native beliefs.
Involved widespread participation across age groups, targeting Catholic churches and constructing shrines for native deities.
Uprising was quelled by a Spanish military response; Bangkaw and his son were executed.

Explores complexities of self: who you are, aspirations, societal expectations, and potential.
Encourages personal reflection and development of individual philosophy of self.

Philosophy combines love (philia) and wisdom (sophia) to explore existence and self-awareness.
Socrates emphasized the importance of self-knowledge and virtuous living.
Socratic method leads to introspection: "Know thyself" and "Unexamined life is not worth living."
Platonic dualism views self through two realms: the transient Physical Body and the eternal Soul (Mind).

Socrates:
- Advocated for self-identity and self-improvement through reason.
- Importance of examining life choices and morals.
Plato:
- Discussed self-knowledge as essential for understanding one's true nature.
- Writings include Apology, Crito, and Phaedo, focusing on immortality of the soul and moral integrity.
St. Augustine:
- Defined self as a rational and immortal being using a physical body.
- Explored concepts of self-awareness and individual identity in "Confessions."

Physical Self:
- Relates to the tangible, earthly aspect of existence.
Sexual Self:
- Connects to one's identity and expression regarding sexuality.
Material/Economic Self:
- Concerns financial standing and material possessions in defining identity.
Spiritual Self:
- Involves one's beliefs and values in relation to the broader cosmos.
Political Self:
- Encompasses one's role and identity in the political sphere.
Digital Self:
- Reflects how individuals represent themselves online.

Emphasizes the importance of taking charge of health and learning to be a better student.
Encourages financial planning and responsibility as part of self-management.

Discusses the essence of self-knowledge and self-control as pathways to achieving true understanding of one’s identity and purpose.
Investigates how spiritual, emotional, and physical aspects interconnect in forming the complete self.