Philippine Agrarian Revolts 1745-1865

Questions and Answers

What was a significant outcome of the opening of foreign trade in the Philippines by 1834?

Only the Spanish benefitted from the trade.

The Philippines remained economically stagnant.

The Philippines was less involved in international markets.

Mestizos gained advantages from trade with foreigners. (correct)

Which economic goods were in demand from the Philippines during the 19th century?

Automobiles and electronics

Sugar and tobacco (correct)

Cloth and minerals

Silk and spices

What educational changes occurred in relation to the economic reforms in the Philippines during the 19th century?

Foreign educational systems were entirely ignored.

Educational reforms were influenced by economic demands. (correct)

There was no correlation between education and trade.

Education became accessible primarily to the elite.

How did Spain's laissez-faire policy impact the Philippines?

It allowed greater economic freedom and opportunities. Signup and view all the answers

What was a common grievance of Filipinos against Spanish rule?

Exclusive benefits of the Galeon trade for Spaniards. Signup and view all the answers

What social issue primarily contributed to the Filipino grievances against Spanish rule?

Racial Discrimination Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a significant political grievance Filipinos had against Spain?

No Representation in the Spanish Cortes Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the domination of local governance by religious leaders in the Philippines?

Fraillocracy Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the educational system in the Philippines during Spanish rule was a source of discontent?

Censorship of Learning Materials Signup and view all the answers

Which economic issue exacerbated resentment among Filipinos during Spanish colonial rule?

Forced Labor Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes early Filipino responses to Spanish colonial rule?

Regional Revolts Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the economic impacts of trade during Spanish colonization for Filipinos?

Profit for Spanish Traders at the Expense of Locals Signup and view all the answers

The emergence of a sense of nationhood among Filipinos was largely a reaction to which of the following?

Awareness of Different Societies in Europe Signup and view all the answers

What was one outcome of the implementation of the reduccion plan by Fr. Juan de Plasencia?

Natives were transformed into law-abiding citizens. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributed to the failure of early revolts against Spanish rule?

Sectional jealousies and lack of communication. Signup and view all the answers

How did the introduction of Spain’s political system affect the Filipinos?

It centralized governance under the Spanish Crown. Signup and view all the answers

What was a common factor among the revolts against Spanish rule mentioned?

They were incited by a desire to revert to native religion. Signup and view all the answers

What did the practice of Catholicism contribute to in the Filipinos?

Transformation into culturally distinct Spaniards. Signup and view all the answers

Which revolt is known to have occurred in the period from 1745 to 1865?

Revolt of Apolinario dela Cruz Signup and view all the answers

What was one effect of merging barangays into pueblos and pueblos into alcaldías?

Political unity under the Spanish colonial administration. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Filipinos begin to feel towards foreign rule as a result of new regulations?

Resentment and dislike. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Natives and Colonization

The Cross was used as a tool for pacifying indigenous populations in the Philippines.
Agrarian revolts occurred across Batangas, Laguna, Cavite, Pampanga, and Bulacan between 1745 and 1865.
The reduccion plan by Fr. Juan de Plasencia forced natives to relocate near churches, disrupting traditional barangay autonomy.

Religious and Cultural Transformation

Indigenous Filipinos were pressured to adopt Catholicism and Spanish culture, losing aspects of their native religions.
This cultural shift transformed many Filipinos into "little brown Spaniards."

Revolts against Spanish Rule

Key uprisings included:
- Igorot Revolt (1601)
- Tamblot Revolt (1621-1622)
- Revolt of Lanab and Alababan (1625-1627)
- Revolt of Francisco Rivera (1718)
- Revolt of Apolinario dela Cruz (1840-1841)
- Moro Resistance (1590-1898)
Early revolts failed due to various factors, including sectional jealousies and lack of national leadership.

Political Structure and Colonial Administration

The Spanish introduced a highly centralized political system, merging barangays into pueblos and alcaldías.
Centralization aimed to unify the diverse populations under Spanish rule.

Growing Discontent

Despite forced unification, resentment grew against foreign control.
European-educated Filipinos became disillusioned due to exposure to different societal norms and values.

Filipino Grievances

A range of grievances against Spanish colonial rule emerged, including:
- Instability of colonial administration
- Corruption among officials
- Lack of representation in the Spanish Cortes
- Denial of human rights and equality before the law
- Maladministration of justice
- Racial discrimination and forced labor
- Land ownership concentration in friar-owned haciendas
- Issues with the Guardia Civil

Context of Resistance and Nationalism

Filippino nationalism began with regional revolts from 1574 to 1873, expressing discontent with Spanish administration.
The demand for local products fueled economic aspirations and resistance.

Economic and Trade Changes

The Philippines opened to foreign trade in 1834, shifting from exclusive benefits to Spaniards during the Galleon trade.
The emergence of a local merchant class, particularly among mestizos, led to increased wealth from trade.

The social structure evolved during Spanish rule, with changes in educational systems reflecting colonial influences.
Economic changes brought about by laissez-faire policies affected trade and commerce in the Philippines.

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Description

Explore the agrarian revolts that occurred in the provinces of Batangas, Laguna, Cavite, Pampanga, and Bulacan from 1745 to 1865. This quiz delves into the impacts of the reduccion plan by Fr. Juan de Plasencia and the role of religion in these uprisings.