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Questions and Answers
What was a significant outcome of the opening of foreign trade in the Philippines by 1834?
What was a significant outcome of the opening of foreign trade in the Philippines by 1834?
Which economic goods were in demand from the Philippines during the 19th century?
Which economic goods were in demand from the Philippines during the 19th century?
What educational changes occurred in relation to the economic reforms in the Philippines during the 19th century?
What educational changes occurred in relation to the economic reforms in the Philippines during the 19th century?
How did Spain's laissez-faire policy impact the Philippines?
How did Spain's laissez-faire policy impact the Philippines?
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What was a common grievance of Filipinos against Spanish rule?
What was a common grievance of Filipinos against Spanish rule?
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What social issue primarily contributed to the Filipino grievances against Spanish rule?
What social issue primarily contributed to the Filipino grievances against Spanish rule?
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Which of the following was a significant political grievance Filipinos had against Spain?
Which of the following was a significant political grievance Filipinos had against Spain?
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Which term refers to the domination of local governance by religious leaders in the Philippines?
Which term refers to the domination of local governance by religious leaders in the Philippines?
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What aspect of the educational system in the Philippines during Spanish rule was a source of discontent?
What aspect of the educational system in the Philippines during Spanish rule was a source of discontent?
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Which economic issue exacerbated resentment among Filipinos during Spanish colonial rule?
Which economic issue exacerbated resentment among Filipinos during Spanish colonial rule?
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Which of the following best describes early Filipino responses to Spanish colonial rule?
Which of the following best describes early Filipino responses to Spanish colonial rule?
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What was one of the economic impacts of trade during Spanish colonization for Filipinos?
What was one of the economic impacts of trade during Spanish colonization for Filipinos?
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The emergence of a sense of nationhood among Filipinos was largely a reaction to which of the following?
The emergence of a sense of nationhood among Filipinos was largely a reaction to which of the following?
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What was one outcome of the implementation of the reduccion plan by Fr. Juan de Plasencia?
What was one outcome of the implementation of the reduccion plan by Fr. Juan de Plasencia?
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Which factor contributed to the failure of early revolts against Spanish rule?
Which factor contributed to the failure of early revolts against Spanish rule?
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How did the introduction of Spain’s political system affect the Filipinos?
How did the introduction of Spain’s political system affect the Filipinos?
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What was a common factor among the revolts against Spanish rule mentioned?
What was a common factor among the revolts against Spanish rule mentioned?
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What did the practice of Catholicism contribute to in the Filipinos?
What did the practice of Catholicism contribute to in the Filipinos?
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Which revolt is known to have occurred in the period from 1745 to 1865?
Which revolt is known to have occurred in the period from 1745 to 1865?
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What was one effect of merging barangays into pueblos and pueblos into alcaldías?
What was one effect of merging barangays into pueblos and pueblos into alcaldías?
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What did the Filipinos begin to feel towards foreign rule as a result of new regulations?
What did the Filipinos begin to feel towards foreign rule as a result of new regulations?
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Study Notes
Natives and Colonization
- The Cross was used as a tool for pacifying indigenous populations in the Philippines.
- Agrarian revolts occurred across Batangas, Laguna, Cavite, Pampanga, and Bulacan between 1745 and 1865.
- The reduccion plan by Fr. Juan de Plasencia forced natives to relocate near churches, disrupting traditional barangay autonomy.
Religious and Cultural Transformation
- Indigenous Filipinos were pressured to adopt Catholicism and Spanish culture, losing aspects of their native religions.
- This cultural shift transformed many Filipinos into "little brown Spaniards."
Revolts against Spanish Rule
- Key uprisings included:
- Igorot Revolt (1601)
- Tamblot Revolt (1621-1622)
- Revolt of Lanab and Alababan (1625-1627)
- Revolt of Francisco Rivera (1718)
- Revolt of Apolinario dela Cruz (1840-1841)
- Moro Resistance (1590-1898)
- Early revolts failed due to various factors, including sectional jealousies and lack of national leadership.
Political Structure and Colonial Administration
- The Spanish introduced a highly centralized political system, merging barangays into pueblos and alcaldías.
- Centralization aimed to unify the diverse populations under Spanish rule.
Growing Discontent
- Despite forced unification, resentment grew against foreign control.
- European-educated Filipinos became disillusioned due to exposure to different societal norms and values.
Filipino Grievances
- A range of grievances against Spanish colonial rule emerged, including:
- Instability of colonial administration
- Corruption among officials
- Lack of representation in the Spanish Cortes
- Denial of human rights and equality before the law
- Maladministration of justice
- Racial discrimination and forced labor
- Land ownership concentration in friar-owned haciendas
- Issues with the Guardia Civil
Context of Resistance and Nationalism
- Filippino nationalism began with regional revolts from 1574 to 1873, expressing discontent with Spanish administration.
- The demand for local products fueled economic aspirations and resistance.
Economic and Trade Changes
- The Philippines opened to foreign trade in 1834, shifting from exclusive benefits to Spaniards during the Galleon trade.
- The emergence of a local merchant class, particularly among mestizos, led to increased wealth from trade.
Social and Educational Structure
- The social structure evolved during Spanish rule, with changes in educational systems reflecting colonial influences.
- Economic changes brought about by laissez-faire policies affected trade and commerce in the Philippines.
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Description
Explore the agrarian revolts that occurred in the provinces of Batangas, Laguna, Cavite, Pampanga, and Bulacan from 1745 to 1865. This quiz delves into the impacts of the reduccion plan by Fr. Juan de Plasencia and the role of religion in these uprisings.
