Philippine Pre-Colonial Art Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does 'pre-conquest' art signify in the context of Philippine history?

Art made before colonizers arrived (correct)

Art created by foreign colonizers

Art that represents modern influences

Art made solely for commercial purposes

In pre-colonial Philippines, art was integrated within which of the following?

Sports and recreation activities

Only religious ceremonies

Everyday life and community rituals (correct)

Formal educational settings

What type of woven textile is created by the Maranao people?

Langkit (correct)

Batik

Inaul

Tepomats

What was the primary use of oval-shaped baskets made from nito and bamboo in Itbayat, Batanes?

To carry crops Signup and view all the answers

Why were tattoos significant among the Visayans?

They were believed to protect against evil spirits Signup and view all the answers

Which ritual involves a shaman and can include animal sacrifices among the indigenous peoples of the Philippines?

Cañao (or kanyaw) Signup and view all the answers

What type of jewelry did the T'boli people traditionally wear?

Brass chains and colorful beads Signup and view all the answers

How did the early communities of ancient Filipinos use storytelling?

To mark the beginning of literature Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a form of pre-colonial Philippine art?

Graffiti Signup and view all the answers

Which group was known for practicing tattooing among early Filipinos?

Ibaloy Signup and view all the answers

What is the lost wax process used for in metalwork?

To cast metal designs into molds Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of rituals before hunting among ancient Filipinos?

To gain permission from the spirits Signup and view all the answers

What are lotoans in the context of Maranao craftsmanship?

Betel nut boxes decorated with intricate designs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities contributed to the inception of early theater in pre-colonial Philippine culture?

Imitating animal movements Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the kendi among the Maranao people?

To pour liquids during ceremonies Signup and view all the answers

What did the 16th-century Boxer Codex reveal about the upper-class Tagalogs?

They adorned themselves with gold jewelry Signup and view all the answers

What is a gadur?

A container with a narrow top, round body, and flared base Signup and view all the answers

Who played a significant role in establishing the Sultanate of Sulu?

Sayyid Abbubakar Signup and view all the answers

Which concept reflects the belief in the unity of God in Islam?

Tawhid Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of abstract patterns in Islamic art?

To shift focus towards God Signup and view all the answers

Which wall in mosques is traditionally pointed toward Mecca?

Qibla wall Signup and view all the answers

What role did teachers from Jolo, Sulu, and Brunei have in the spread of Islam in Mindanao?

They provided religious education. Signup and view all the answers

What does the mihrab represent in Islamic architecture?

A prayer niche indicating direction of prayer Signup and view all the answers

How did Islam assist the people of Mindanao in relation to Spanish rule?

By fostering a sense of unity and resistance Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pre-Conquest Philippine Art

Pre-conquest art refers to art created before colonizers arrived. Indigenous art is another term for it.
Pre-colonial is another term that describes life before colonization. These terms are essentially the same, although knowing the distinctions is useful when studying art history.
Pre-colonial Filipinos viewed art as an integral part of daily life. It wasn't separated into categories like music, painting, or other genres.
Art was incorporated into community rituals like planting, harvesting, weddings, and funerals.
These rituals encompassed diverse artistic expressions, including pottery, weaving, carving, metalwork, and jewelry.
Many elements combined beauty, skill, and spiritual meaning. This continues to influence present-day traditions.
Ancestors were hunter-gatherers who shared hunted food and told stories about the hunt. Animal movements and sounds were imitated, leading to the beginnings of rituals, music, dance, theater, and literature.
Prayers before hunts emerged as rituals, while sharing food turned into a tradition. Storytelling marked the start of literature.

Islamic Colonial Art (13th Century to Present)

Islam was strong in the Southern Philippines, especially Sulu before Spanish arrival.
Growth started in the 13th century, though significant changes began in the 15th century with the arrival of Sayyid Abbubakar from Arabia.
He married a princess, and after her father's death, became the ruler of Sulu.
He created the Sultanate of Sulu.
He introduced the Quran, built a mosque, and established a madrasa to teach Arabic writing in the 16th century.
People from Zamboanga and the Yakans of Basilan converted to Islam due to teachers who travelled from Jolo, Sulu, and regions like Brunei.
Islam's spread throughout Mindanao helped in resisting Spanish rule. The Tausug, Maranao, Maguindanao, Yakan, Samal, Badjao, and some areas in Palawan adopted Islam as a religion and way of life.

Main Beliefs of Islam and Their Influence on Art

Filipino Muslims view themselves as part of an "ummah," a community of believers.
They adhere to Tawhid, meaning the oneness of God, believing that nature is temporary and God's greatness transcends human comprehension.
This belief affects art by focusing on themes beyond the material world, like patterns in mosques that steer focus towards God rather than physical imagery.
Islamic art in the Philippines reflects this concept with non-representational patterns, designs, and architecture.
Spaces and buildings like mosques are designed to reflect Tawhid and Islamic teachings. The mihrab (prayer niche) and Qibla wall are pointed towards Mecca to show connection with the global Muslim community.
Local traditions influenced Islamic art, despite a restriction on copying nature. The ornate designs, like those seen in the luhul (canopy) and other structures may reflect patterns inspired by the Tree of Life but through repeated and detailed patterns, lose direct resemblance to their natural inspirations.
Ukkil/okir designs are seen on various objects including houses, boats, weapons, and textiles of the Tausug and Sama people. These patterns point upward, suggesting a connection to heaven as a separation from the material world,
Symbolic items like the panolong and sarimanok and the burraq are also present, symbolizing important aspects of the Islamic faith in everyday life.

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Description

This quiz explores the rich artistic traditions of pre-colonial Philippines, focusing on various forms of art, textiles, and cultural practices. It covers significant topics such as the role of art in ancient societies, the significance of tattoos, and traditional crafts. Test your knowledge about the unique heritage of the Philippines before colonization.