Philippine Nursing Law Overview
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Questions and Answers

What are the three essential characteristics of law?

The three essential characteristics of law are: *Right to declare rules exist. *Rules are expressed with source identified. *A right to enforce rules must be provided.

What is the definition of the term "law" as related to nursing?

In nursing, "law" refers to a rule of conduct pronounced by a controlling authority, which can be enforced. This means it defines the boundaries of nursing practice and guides nurses' actions in patient care.

What is Nursing Jurisprudence?

Nursing Jurisprudence is the field of law that comprises all legal rules and principles affecting the practice of nursing. It involves the study, interpretation, and application of these rules and principles in regulating the practice of nursing.

What are the two main functions of law in the nursing profession?

<p>Provides the framework for establishing legal nursing actions and helps maintain a standard of nursing practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first Nursing Law in the Philippines was passed in 1915.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first board examination for nurses in the Philippines was held in 1920.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Republic Act 877 was passed in 1953 and regulated nursing practice in the Philippines.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for designating the last week of October as Nurses' Week in the Philippines?

<p>Nurses Week was designated in 1958 as a way to recognize and honor the contributions of nurses to the Philippines. This tradition continues to the present day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Republic Act 7164, passed in 1991, replaced Republic Act 4704.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Republic Act 9173, known as the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002, replaced Republic Act 7164.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the legal liabilities that a nurse might encounter in their profession?

<p>A nurse's legal liabilities stem from their responsibility to practice according to the law, standards of care, and ethics. They are accountable for their actions and the quality of care they provide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of legal guidance for nurses in the Philippines?

<p>The Philippine Nursing Act of 1992 (now replaced by the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002, or Republic Act 9173) is the primary source of legal guidance for nurses in the Philippines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nurses are expected to be familiar with the Philippine Nursing Law, standards of nursing care, and other related laws that affect their practice, and their code of ethics.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nurses working in institutions or hospitals directly report to their supervisor.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Private duty nurses are independent practitioners and are held to the same standard of conduct as nurses working in institutions or hospitals.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term "responsibility" refer to in the context of nursing?

<p>In nursing, &quot;responsibility&quot; refers to the execution of duties associated with a nurse's particular role. It implies that a nurse provides care within established standards of the profession.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term "accountability" refer to in the context of nursing?

<p>Accountability in nursing refers to the ability to answer for one's actions. Nurses are responsible for their actions to themselves, the patient, the profession, and society. They take responsibility for the care they deliver, and the outcomes of their decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is "liability" in the context of nursing?

<p>Liability in nursing refers to the legal obligation a nurse has incurred or might incur through their actions or failures to act. If a nurse fails to meet legal expectations of care, a patient can initiate legal action if harm or injury occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is "professional negligence" in the context of nursing?

<p>Professional negligence occurs when a nurse commits or omits an action, in relation to their duty, that a reasonably prudent nurse would not have committed or omitted. This action must be the direct cause of injury to a patient or their property.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an element of professional negligence?

<p>The fact that the breach of this standard resulted in financial compensation to the plaintiff</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term "malpractice" usually imply in the context of nursing?

<p>Malpractice usually implies improper or unskillful care of a patient by a nurse. It also refers to a situation where a nurse steps beyond their authority, potentially resulting in significant consequences for the patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is authorized to prescribe drugs in the Philippines according to R.A. 6675?

<p>According to R.A. 6675, only registered medical, dental, and veterinary practitioners, whether in private institutions or the government, are authorized to prescribe drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A prescription for drugs must always include the patient's name, age, sex, and the date of the prescription.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to R.A. 6675, drugs should be written in their generic names in prescriptions.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse can legally follow verbal orders from a physician if they are clear and specific and the physician has signed the corresponding document.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is ethically obligated to carry out a physician's order even if they believe it may harm the patient.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before administering any medication, a nurse must understand the action of the drug, its minimum and maximum dosages, the route of administration, and possible side effects.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is obligated to explain tests and treatments to the patient so they can understand the procedure and provide informed consent.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Any unfavorable psychological or physical reaction to treatment must be immediately reported to the physician for appropriate action.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Patients have the right to refuse medical treatment, even if the refusal may have negative consequences for their health.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Telephone orders pose legal risks because they can be misunderstood or misinterpreted and lack the physician's signature for verification.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nurses who administer intravenous therapy do not need special training and can give injections according to established protocol.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a nurse is administering intravenous therapy, they are only obligated to follow the policies established by their agency.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is not legally obligated to conduct intravenous therapy if the hospital does not allow them to do so.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Board of Nursing Resolution No. 8, any registered nurse who administers intravenous injections without specific training is liable for either criminal or administrative charges, or both, even if no injury or death occurs.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is informed consent in the context of medical and surgical procedures?

<p>Informed consent in medical and surgical procedures is a free and rational act where a patient, legally capable to give consent, understands the nature of the medical or surgical procedure and the potential risks and consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three essential elements of informed consent?

<p>The essential elements of informed consent are: 1) Diagnosis and explanation of the condition. 2) A fair explanation of the procedures and their potential consequences and alternatives. 3) The prognosis for the patient, potentially including the consequences of refusing the recommended care, procedure, or treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consent for medical or surgical procedures can only be obtained at the time of admission.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consent for initial assessment and treatment upon admission can be given by the patient, their legal guardian, or their authorized representative.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient is unconscious and requires emergency medical care, consent for the procedure is not required.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The patient must be fully informed about the procedure and treatment, including the potential risks and consequences, before they can provide informed consent.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The intentional touching or unlawful beating of another person without authorization is a form of battery.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is typically responsible for obtaining informed consent from a patient?

<p>The nurse is typically responsible for obtaining informed consent from patients upon admission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is legal for a nurse to perform procedures or administer treatment without obtaining informed consent if the patient is over 18 years old.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A signed consent form from a patient at the time of admission covers all subsequent procedures and treatments.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient can legally refuse any medical treatment without providing a reason.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient refuses to consent to a medical or surgical procedure, a nurse should try to convince them to change their mind.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient can legally refuse a blood transfusion if they have religious beliefs against it.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The legal framework in the Philippines requires a signed, individualized consent form for procedures such as x-rays, blood transfusions, operations, cobalt therapy, or chemotherapy.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The person giving consent for procedures on a minor can be the minor's parent or guardian.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A minor can legally consent to a medical procedure if they are married or emancipated.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A mentally incompetent person can legally consent to medical or surgical procedures.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

In emergency situations, consent for immediate medical treatment is not required as inaction in such situations could cause greater harm.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient can legally refuse a medical or surgical procedure, even if there is a significant risk to their life or health, if they are of legal age and sound mind.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nurses are required to provide information beyond diagnosis and the explanation of the condition to ensure a patient's informed consent.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sterilization is the permanent termination of the ability to produce offspring and requires consent from both the patient and their legal guardian.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cases of abruptioplacenta, ectopic pregnancies, or ruptured uterus, where sterilization is medically necessary and an incidental outcome, the patient's consent alone is sufficient; consent from the legal guardian or partner is not required.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Medical records are valuable only for legal purposes.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Medical records serve as a legal protection for hospitals, doctors, and nurses by documenting the patient's condition and treatment.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nurses are expected to record only medications and treatments given, not observations, in patient's medical records.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Patient records are not confidential and can be accessed by anyone who requests them.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nurses must gain permission from hospital authorities before accessing a patient's chart for any information.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nursing students in the Philippines are fully responsible for the quality of care they provide during their clinical rotations and are held to the same standards as registered nurses.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nursing students are never expected to perform procedures for the first time without their clinical instructor present.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nursing student should seek guidance from their clinical instructor if they are uncertain about a procedure.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frequent assessment of nursing students' performance during clinical rotations helps identify their strengths and weaknesses, allowing for improvement.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regular conferences with nursing students during clinical rotations provide a space for open discussions about their experiences and potential challenges. This helps address any doubts or concerns and promotes effective learning.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a clinical instructor countersigns a student's chart, they are verifying that they have personally reviewed the information and that it is accurate and authentic.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of incident reports?

<p>The primary purpose of incident reports is to document and prevent possible consequent injuries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An incident report indicates that a mistake has been made.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term "nonmaleficence" refers to the principle of "do no harm".

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The principle of "nonmaleficence" encompasses physical, psychological, social, mental, spiritual, and symbolic harm to a patient.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The principle of "nonmaleficence" is a positive action.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Hippocrates, what is the primary ethical duty of a healthcare provider?

<p>According to Hippocrates, the primary ethical duty of a healthcare provider is to &quot;do no harm&quot;.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The principle of "beneficence" emphasizes doing good and preventing or removing harm.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

In healthcare, "beneficence" involves actions that benefit the patient, such as providing care and compassion.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beneficence is an extraordinary action that is only undertaken in extreme circumstances.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The urgency for taking action based on beneficence should be proportionate to the relationship between the doer and the person at risk.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Philippine Nursing Law

  • The word "law" is a rule of conduct enforced by a controlling authority. All laws have the right to declare the rule, state the rule, and enforce the rule.
  • Nursing jurisprudence includes the legal principles and rules that impact nursing practice.

Functions of Law in Nursing

  • Establishes legal nursing actions in patient care.
  • Outlines nurse responsibilities compared to other professionals.
  • Sets boundaries for nurses' independent actions.
  • Holds nurses accountable to the law and legal standards.

Brief History of the Philippine Nursing Law

  • Initial legislation regarding nursing practice (Act No. 2493, 1915) regulated medicine, including nurse examinations and registration in the Philippines.
  • Act No. 2808 (1919) is considered the "First True Nursing Law", establishing a board of examiners for nurses.
  • First board exam in the Philippines was in 1920.
  • Republic Act 877 (1953) regulated nursing practice in the Philippines.
  • Nurses' Week in the Philippines is observed the last week of October.
  • Subsequent amendments and acts, such as R.A. 4704 (1966), R.A. 7164 (1991), and R.A. 9173 (2002) further shaped the legal framework for nursing practice.
  • Legal mandates exist for punishing medical malpractice within the Philippines.
  • Nurses' licenses attest to their legal qualification to practice nursing.
  • The Philippine Nursing Act of 1992 defines the scope of nursing practice.
  • Nurses must understand the nursing standards of care and other relevant laws related to nursing.
  • Nurses are responsible for the quality of their work, and accountability lies foremost with them.
  • In agency/institutional settings, nurses are accountable to their supervisor.
  • Independent nurses are held to standards of conduct and responsibilities expected from prudent nurses.

Accountability

  • Nurses have responsibility for their actions.
  • Nurses are accountable to themselves, patients, their profession, the employing institution, and society.

Professional Negligence

  • Negligence in a professional context is the improper or negligent execution of duties.
  • Elements: duty, breach of duty, foreseeable harm, and resulting harm to the patient.

Medical Orders, Drugs, and Medications

  • Only registered medical, dental, or veterinary practitioners are permitted to prescribe medications.
  • All prescriptions must include: prescriber’s name, address, and registration number, client's name, age, and sex, and date of prescription.
  • Prescriptions are written using generic names.
  • Telephone orders pose risks due to potential errors in transcription or misinterpretations.
  • There should be a verified signature from the medical provider.
  • Nurses now participate in complex IV therapy.
  • Intravenous injections require special training according to established protocols.
  • Nurses must adhere to their agency's policies regarding intravenous injections.
  • Proper consent is a pre-requisite before any surgery or medical procedure.
  • Patient or legal guardian must consent prior to any intervention/treatment.
  • Emergency conditions supersede consent requirements.
  • All medical treatments/procedures necessitate explicit consent for all procedures.
  • Adults of sound mind have the right to refuse treatment.
  • Informed consent involves explaining the procedure, outlining potential risks, and providing alternative options.
  • Critical elements: diagnosis, condition explanation, procedure description, and alternative options, and potential outcomes.
  • Consent is authorization for a touching that transforms non-consensual contact into consensual.
  • Initial care typically requires consent but should be well documented.
  • Emergency situations allow treatment to be initiated without consent.
  • Consent is required for sterilization procedures unless medically necessary, like in emergency conditions.
  • Both partners must consent to sterilization as a primary purpose.

Medical Records

  • Medical records are both scientifically and legally relevant.
  • Records prevent duplication of future cases and aid swift treatments.
  • They are legal protection for facilities, doctors, and nurses, reflecting the patient's condition and treatment.
  • Nurses are legally and ethically required to accurately document observations (and actions) during a client's stay.

Nonmaleficence

  • Do no harm.

Beneficiance

  • Act in a way that promotes good.

Justice

  • Fair distribution of benefits and burdens.

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Description

This quiz explores the essential aspects of the Philippine Nursing Law, including its role in defining legal standards for nursing practice. It discusses the history, functions, and responsibilities of nurses under this legislation. Test your understanding of nursing jurisprudence and its implications for healthcare.

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