Questions and Answers
The opening of the Philippine ______ Trade marked a significant event in history.
World
Carlos Maria Dela Torre taught the Filipino people about ______.
Liberalism
General Rafael de Izquierdo opposed the liberal methods of Carlos Maria Dela Torre, favoring ______.
Conservatism
The Cavite ______ was a crucial moment that sparked Filipino nationalism.
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GOMBURZA refers to three Filipino priests who fought for ______ rights.
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The forced labor system was known as ______ y Servicios.
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The ______ system allowed Spanish settlers to extract forced labor from indigenous workers.
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Republic Act 1425, also known as the ______ Law, mandates courses on the life and works of José Rizal.
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To pay tribute to our national ______ for devoting his life and works in shaping the Filipino character.
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The ______ leads the province.
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Full-blooded Spaniards born in Spain are referred to as ______.
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The ______ provides advice and is responsible for advising the Governor General.
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The political and moral philosophy based on individual rights and liberty is known as ______.
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The historical period of Spanish colonization in the Philippines lasted from ______ to 1898.
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The Alcalde mayor is also referred to as an ______.
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The practice of social stratification ranks individuals based on power, ______, and wealth.
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Study Notes
Economic and Political Factors in Philippine History
- Philippine World Trade opened, impacting economic dynamics.
- Introduction of liberal ideas prompted political transformation.
Carlos Maria Dela Torre
- Influential in spreading liberalism among Filipinos, promoting reforms.
General Rafael de Izquierdo
- Championed conservatism, opposing Dela Torre's liberal methods.
Cavite Mutiny
- Catalyzed Filipino nationalism, leading to the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule.
- Known locally as “panghihimagsik,” it symbolized resistance and desire for autonomy.
GOMBURZA
- Referral to three Filipino priests: Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora.
- Advocated for equal rights for Filipino priests, leading to their martyrdom.
- Executed by garrote in Bagumbayan (now Luneta Park) in 1872 for alleged subversion.
- Jose Burgos was honored by José Rizal, who dedicated "El Filibusterismo" to him.
Unjust Policies
- Polo y Servicio: Mandatory labor system requiring men aged 16-60 to work ten days a year for the government.
- Encomienda System: Spanish settlers granted rights to extract labor from indigenous populations.
- Haciendas: Largest landowners were Spanish friars, controlling vast agricultural lands.
- Bandala: Forced sale of products at very low prices to the Spanish government.
- Tributo: Tax obligation paid in cash or kind by Filipinos.
Republic Act 1425 (Rizal Law)
- Mandated inclusion of Jose Rizal's life and works in educational curricula.
- Aimed to inspire nationalism and honor Rizal's contributions to Filipino identity.
Political Structure under Spanish Rule
- Alcalde Mayor: Leader of the province, represented the Governor-General.
- Gobernadorcillo: Managed town governance.
- Cabeza de Barangay: Tax collector without compensation.
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Social Stratification:
- Peninsulares: Spaniards born in Spain, holding top status.
- Insulares: Spaniards born in the Philippines.
- Criollos: Mixed Spanish and Filipino descent.
- Ilustrados: Educated Filipinos.
- Indios: Indigenous people, often subjected to slavery.
Governance and Administration
- Central government established by Spain, with the Governor-General holding significant authority.
- Visitador: Appointed to oversee Spanish colonial activities in the Philippines.
- Residencia: Judicial court assessing the performance of the Governor-General.
- Royal Audiencia: Advisory body to the Governor-General.
Historical Context
- Spanish colonization spanned from 1565 to 1898, deeply affecting socio-political structures.
- Notable revolutions in the 19th century included the Industrial, French, and American revolutions, influencing liberal thought in colonial territories.
Philosophical Paradigms
- Liberalism: Espouses individual rights, political equality, and liberty.
- Conservatism: Seeks to preserve traditional institutions and values.
Justice System and Maladministration
- Inequities in the justice system favor the wealthy, reflecting broader socio-economic disparities.
- Penal codes often inaccessible to the marginalized population.
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Description
This quiz explores the factors that contributed to the emergence of nationalism in the Philippines, focusing on the influence of liberalism and key figures such as Carlos Maria de la Torre and General Rafael de Izquierdo. Test your knowledge on these historical events and their significance in shaping Filipino identity.
