Philippine Literature Through the Ages

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Questions and Answers

What is the maximum word count for flash fiction?

280 words

100 words

1,000 words (correct)

750 words

Which type of flash fiction contains exactly 50 words?

Microfiction

Minisaga (correct)

Sudden Fiction

Drabble

What literary device hints at future events without revealing the story's ending?

Microfiction

Foreshadowing (correct)

In media res

Chick Lit

What genre generally targets young women and covers modern womanhood issues?

Chick Lit Signup and view all the answers

What technique is used when a story begins 'in the midst of things'?

In media res Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the literature of the pre-colonial period in the Philippines?

It was predominantly oral and included various forms. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a graphic novel?

A combination of words and pictures in comic-strip format Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred in the language of Philippine literature during the Spanish colonization period?

The replacement of Alibata with the Roman alphabet. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the exposition stage in a plot?

To introduce main characters and establish the setting Signup and view all the answers

Which type of flash fiction consists of 100 words?

Drabble Signup and view all the answers

Which type of literature primarily reflects contemporary themes from 2000 onwards?

Hypertext fiction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the syllable count and rhyme scheme of Textula?

7777 syllable count with a rhyme scheme of aabb, abab, abba. Signup and view all the answers

What was a key factor that spurred Philippine literary production during the American period?

The introduction of free public instruction. Signup and view all the answers

How is Flash Fiction defined?

A narrative told in an extremely brief manner but includes plot and character development. Signup and view all the answers

Which period is characterized by religious themes dominating Philippine literature?

Spanish colonization period. Signup and view all the answers

What does Hypertext refer to in contemporary literature?

Texts produced and read on computers involving hyperlinks. Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'inciting incident' in a narrative?

The event that creates a conflict and initiates the plot Signup and view all the answers

Which narrative technique allows the reader to experience past events within the flow of the current story?

Flashback Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'rising action' refer to?

The build-up of tension and conflict Signup and view all the answers

In what perspective is a story told if the narrator uses the pronouns 'I' and 'me'?

First Person Narrator Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of exposition in a narrative?

To provide background information Signup and view all the answers

What defines a third person limited narrator?

Sees the story through the perspective of one character Signup and view all the answers

What does 'falling action' in a narrative refer to?

The events that lead to the resolution Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of a second person narrator?

Speaks directly to the reader Signup and view all the answers

What defines round characters in a story?

They have backgrounds, goals, and personalities. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes flat characters?

They have one-dimensional traits and do not evolve. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key distinction between static and flat characters?

Static characters have complexity while flat characters do not. Signup and view all the answers

What type of conflict is characterized by struggles within a character's mind?

Internal conflict Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents external conflict?

A hero battling a villain. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'setting' refer to in a story?

The time and place where the story occurs. Signup and view all the answers

Why is conflict considered a critical element in fiction?

It provides tension and drives the plot forward. Signup and view all the answers

What is typically true about virtues and flaws in character development?

Virtues are strengths and flaws are weaknesses of a character. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a dynamic character from a static character?

Dynamic characters exhibit growth and change due to their experiences. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'local color' refer to in regional literature?

Descriptions of customs, languages, and attitudes of a specific region. Signup and view all the answers

How can setting influence the mood of a story?

Setting can create tension through environmental elements. Signup and view all the answers

Which description best fits a flat character?

A character that represents a predictable stereotype. Signup and view all the answers

What role does social status play in character definition according to the content?

Social status contributes to the characters' psychological and economic states. Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT a part of setting as mentioned in the content?

Character backstory Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the weather and climate affect characters according to the content?

They can impact characters' behavior and decisions. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'interior setting' refer to in literature?

The physical environment of the safe house or a private location. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pre-Colonial Period (BC-1564)

Pre-colonial Philippine literature was primarily oral and included epics, legends, songs, riddles, and proverbs.
Literature focused on gods, goddesses, and spiritual/mythical creatures.

Spanish Colonization Period (1565-1863)

The Roman alphabet replaced Alibata, the first Filipino alphabet
Spanish language dominated Philippine literature
Religious themes became central due to Christianization

American Period (1910-1945)

Free public instruction for all children sparked a growth in literary production

Contemporary Period (1960-Present)

Contemporary literature refers to works written and published during the 2000s
Forms of fiction include:
- Hypertext Fiction
  - Produced and read on computers
  - Readers must click on hyperlinks to navigate
  - Composed of multiple texts called "lexia" connected via hyperlinks
- Textula
  - Mobile phone poetry
  - Uses traditional formal verses
  - Composed of 7777 syllables with rhyme scheme aabb, abab, abba
- Flash Fiction
  - Extremely brief stories
  - Contains plot and character development
  - Implies a larger story
  - Varieties:
    - Six-word stories (6 words)
    - Dribble or minisaga (50 words)
    - 280-character story or twitterrature (280 words)
    - Drabble or microfiction (100 words)
    - Sudden fiction (750 words)
    - Flash fiction (1,000 words)
- Graphics Novel
  - Narratives told in comic-strip format
  - Published as books
  - Combine words and pictures in a sequence across the page
- Chick Lit
  - Humorous and lighthearted fiction
  - Addresses issues of modern womanhood
  - May include romantic relationships, friendships, and workplace issues
  - Targets young female readers

Stages of Plot

Exposition: Introduces main characters, establishes the setting, and foreshadows the central conflict.
Inciting Incident: Creates a conflict that sets the plot in motion.
Rising Action: Builds tension through events and obstacles that complicate the plot.
Climax: The peak or highest point of tension in the story.
Falling Action: Tying up loose ends.
Resolution: Closure for the characters.

Narrative Techniques

Coincidence: Chance occurrence of two things at the same time or place.
Exposition: The writer provides necessary background information for the reader to understand the story's situation.
Flashback: Narration of past events within the frame of current action.
Foreshadowing: Hints of what to come without revealing the ending.

Point of View

First Person Narrator: A character in the story who tells it from their perspective using "I" and "me."
- Limited: Perspective of a single character.
- Omniscient: Seemingly all-knowing, able to access thoughts and feelings of all characters.
Second Person Narrator: The narrative voice speaks directly to the reader.
- Often used for a protagonist to speak to an earlier version of themselves.
Third Person Narrator: Not a character in the story.
- Limited: Tells the story through the perspective of a single character.
- Omniscient: All-knowing and able to access thoughts and feelings of all characters.

Character Development

Round vs Flat:
- Round Characters: Complex and multifaceted, with both strengths and weaknesses.
- Flat Characters: Lacking depth or complexity.
- Static Characters: Do not change throughout the story.
- Dynamic Characters: Undergo change as a result of events in the story.
Denotative and Connotative Meanings:
- Denotation: Dictionary definition of a word.
- Connotation: Meaning associated with a word beyond its literal definition.

Types of Conflict

Internal Conflict: A struggle within a character's mind, between opposing thoughts or feelings.
External Conflict: A struggle between a character and an outside force, such as another character, a group of characters, society, or nature.

Purpose Of Setting

Setting: Where and when the story takes place, including the time period, time of day, geography, and specific locations.)
Influencing Action: The setting affects the characters' actions and responses.
Defining Character: The setting can define a character's psychological, cultural, and economic state.
Contributing to Mood: The setting contributes to the general feeling or atmosphere of the story.
Regional Literature: Focuses on a specific locality or geographic region and uses local color (customs, languages, and attitudes of the region).
A Sense of Place: Vividly described places in the story create an immersive experience for the reader.

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Description

Explore the evolution of Philippine literature from the pre-colonial period to the contemporary era. This quiz covers significant literary forms, themes, and the impact of colonization on Filipino writing. Test your knowledge on epic poetry, Spanish influences, and modern literary innovations.