Introduction to Philippine Literature
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Questions and Answers

From which Latin word does the term 'literature' originate?

  • Lectura
  • Lingua
  • Littera (correct)
  • Libellus
  • Which of the following is NOT a common means of classifying literature?

  • Genre
  • Historical Period
  • Author's Personality (correct)
  • Language
  • What primary role does literature play in understanding the self and the world?

  • Encouraging conformity
  • Promoting cultural isolation
  • Reinforcing existing prejudices
  • Developing identification, imagination, and empathy (correct)
  • What is a defining characteristic of Philippine literature's early form?

    <p>Oral transmission through generations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which colonial power significantly influenced the introduction of written literature to the Philippines?

    <p>Spanish (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before the Spanish colonial era, what was the main method of passing down stories and traditions in the Philippines?

    <p>Word of mouth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major focus of the themes explored in Philippine literature?

    <p>Pre-colonial cultural practices and socio-political history (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the initial type of literature Filipinos became acquainted with upon the arrival of the Spaniards?

    <p>Works by Spanish authors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant impact of American colonization on Philippine literature?

    <p>Introduction of literary modernism and English as a primary medium. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which university significantly influenced new writing trends in the Philippines?

    <p>University of the Philippines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept is highlighted by the rise of nationalistic pride in the Philippines during the 1960s and 1970s?

    <p>The concern about 'Filipino identity' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the initial phase of English writing in the Philippines?

    <p>Experimentation with literary modernism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following languages is NOT mentioned as a medium for Philippine literature?

    <p>Japanese (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did the efforts of colonists have on the Philippines' largely oral past?

    <p>They largely erased the memory of oral traditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides Alejandro G. Abadilla, who else incorporated new techniques and perspectives into their works?

    <p>Marcel Navarra (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the efforts being made to address the erasure of oral traditions?

    <p>Recognizing ethnic traditions and disseminating them in schools (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes narrative nonfiction?

    <p>It combines facts with a storytelling format. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of an essay?

    <p>To present an argument or perspective on a theme. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following genres typically includes speaking animals and moral lessons?

    <p>Fable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes science fiction from other genres?

    <p>It explores potential scientific impacts in future settings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genre is specifically known for its rhythmic writing aimed at evoking emotions?

    <p>Poetry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates a short story from longer narratives?

    <p>It is a brief narrative without the capacity for subplots. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of literature often features extraordinary characters and is typically aimed at children?

    <p>Fairy Tales (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essence of the humor genre in literature?

    <p>To entertain through amusing and comedic elements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a first-person narrator provide in a narrative?

    <p>The perspective of only one character (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major element of setting?

    <p>Character development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does style in writing primarily refer to?

    <p>The unique way a writer uses language (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a conventional symbol?

    <p>A symbol that carries widely recognized meanings in society (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is theme typically presented in fiction?

    <p>Abstracted from details of character and action (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a literary symbol?

    <p>An element that holds both literal and additional meanings within a specific work (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does setting play in a story?

    <p>It can evoke a mood or atmosphere that prepares the reader (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the nature of a first-person narrative?

    <p>The narrator's knowledge is limited to personal experiences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of realistic fiction?

    <p>It can actually happen and is true to real life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following genres is primarily focused on solving a crime or unveiling secrets?

    <p>Mystery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of story often includes nonchalant heroes performing impossible feats?

    <p>A Tall Tale (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of minor characters in a story?

    <p>To support and illuminate the major characters. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genre typically combines fact and imaginative materials, often featuring a national hero?

    <p>Legend (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does characterization typically work in literature?

    <p>By revealing characters through actions and relationships. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes horror fiction from other genres?

    <p>It revolves around emotional feelings of dread and terror. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines mythology as a type of narrative?

    <p>It reveals human behavior using symbolism related to deities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines dynamic characters in a story?

    <p>They exhibit changes in attitude, purpose, or behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of irony involves a contrast between what is expected to happen and what actually occurs?

    <p>Situational irony (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the exposition in a typical fictional plot?

    <p>To introduce the major characters and setting. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of narrator has access to the thoughts and feelings of all characters?

    <p>Omniscient narrator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a plot structure, what follows the climax?

    <p>Resolution or dénouement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of conflict in a fictional plot?

    <p>To drive the narrative by providing challenges for characters. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does dramatic irony involve?

    <p>The audience knowing more than the characters about the situation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element of fiction refers to the arrangement of events that make up a story?

    <p>Plot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Literature

    A body of written works distinguished by authors' intentions and aesthetic quality.

    Classification of Literature

    Literature can be classified by language, origin, period, genre, and subject matter.

    Philippine Literature

    A diverse collection of works that reflects the country's history and culture.

    Traditional Stories

    Fables and legends were the first forms of Philippine literature passed orally.

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    Spanish Influence

    Beginning in 1521, Spanish culture introduced new literature to the Filipinos.

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    Pre-colonial Traditions

    Themes in Philippine literature centered around Filipino cultural practices before colonization.

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    Empathy in Literature

    Literature helps develop understanding and emotional connections.

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    Oral tradition

    A cultural practice where stories and history are passed down verbally.

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    Oral Tradition

    Stories were passed down through generations orally before being written.

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    Filipino identity

    A concept reflecting the unique cultural, historical, and social aspects of being Filipino.

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    American influence on literature

    The impact of American colonization on the themes and styles in Filipino literature.

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    Literary modernism

    A movement that emphasized individual creativity and new literary techniques.

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    Genres of literature

    Categories that classify literature, broadly divided into fiction and nonfiction.

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    Nonfiction

    Literature that presents facts and realities, opposite to fiction.

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    Fiction

    Literature that involves imaginative storytelling and not factual accounts.

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    Narrative Nonfiction

    Information based on fact presented like a story.

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    Essay

    A short literary composition reflecting the author's viewpoint.

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    Biography

    A written account of another person's life.

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    Autobiography

    A person's life story written by themselves.

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    Drama

    Literature composed for theatrical performance with conflict and emotion.

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    Poetry

    Verse writing that uses rhythm and imagery to evoke emotions.

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    Science Fiction

    Fiction that explores the impact of actual or imagined science.

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    Short Story

    A brief work of fiction that typically does not have subplots.

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    Realistic Fiction

    A story that can actually happen and reflects real life.

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    Folklore

    Songs, stories, myths, and proverbs passed down orally within cultures.

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    Historical Fiction

    A narrative with fictional characters and events set in a historical period.

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    Horror

    Fiction that creates feelings of dread and terror in both characters and readers.

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    Tall Tale

    A humorous story with exaggerated heroes and impossible feats.

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    Legend

    A story of a folk or national hero, blending fact with fiction.

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    Mythology

    Traditional narratives that explain human behavior and natural phenomena, often featuring gods.

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    Characterization

    The means by which writers present and define characters in a story.

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    Objective Narrative

    The narrator reports actions without revealing characters' thoughts or feelings.

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    First-Person Narrator

    Narrator presents the perspective of one character using 'I'.

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    Setting

    The context where the story's action occurs, including time and place.

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    Style in Writing

    The unique way a writer uses words and structures their sentences.

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    Symbol

    An object or event that represents broader meanings beyond its literal significance.

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    Conventional Symbols

    Symbols commonly understood in a culture, like flags or religious emblems.

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    Literary Symbol

    A symbol that retains literal meaning while suggesting deeper meanings specific to a work.

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    Theme

    The central idea or meaning abstracted from a story's details.

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    Dynamic Characters

    Characters that change in attitude or behavior throughout the story.

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    Irony

    A contrast or discrepancy between expectation and reality in a story.

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    Verbal Irony

    When someone says one thing but means another, often the opposite.

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    Situational Irony

    When what actually happens is significantly different from what was expected.

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    Dramatic Irony

    When the audience knows more than the characters do, creating tension.

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    Plot

    The arrangement of events that make up a story, often revolving around conflict.

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    Exposition

    The beginning part of a plot that introduces characters, setting, and background information.

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    Point of View

    The perspective from which a story is told, affecting the reader's experience.

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    Study Notes

    Introduction to Philippine Literature

    • Literature is a collection of written works, primarily poetry and prose, valued for their aesthetic merit.
    • It's categorized by language, origin, historical period, genre, and subject matter.
    • Literature helps understand human experiences, beliefs, and perspectives.
    • Philippine literature is a rich tapestry interwoven with the country's history.
    • Pre-colonial Filipinos used fables and legends, passed down orally, as their initial forms of storytelling.
    • Spanish colonization introduced written literature, but much of it was by Spanish authors.
    • The rise of Filipino nationalism in the 1960s-1970s encouraged Filipino writers to create their own unique works.
    • Philippine literature is now primarily written in Filipino (Tagalog) and English.

    Philippine Literature in English

    • American influence heavily impacted Philippine literature, shaping the development of English as a literary language in the country.
    • Modern literary forms, such as free verse, the short story, and critical essays were introduced.
    • University centers, particularly the University of the Philippines, became pivotal in fostering new writing trends.
    • The use of English in literature was influenced by the Spanish colonial legacy but evolved to incorporate new American and global trends.

    Literary Genres

    • Literature is broadly categorized into Fiction and Nonfiction.
    • Types of Nonfiction:
      • Narrative Nonfiction: Information told as a story, based on facts.
      • Essays: Short compositions on a theme, often analytical or interpretative.
      • Biography: Written accounts of another person's life.
      • Autobiography: A person's life history, written by the person themselves.
      • Speech: Oral communication, usually in the form of an address or discourse.
    • Types of Fiction:
      • Drama: Literary works intended for theatrical performance.
      • Poetry: Rhythmical, often imaginative writing that evokes strong emotions.
      • Fantasy: Stories with imaginary settings, characters, or events.
      • Humor: Stories that elicit laughter or amusement.
      • Fable: Short stories that illustrate a moral lesson, often involving animals.
      • Legend: Stories about historical events or figures.
      • Mythology: Stories about gods, goddesses, and heroes.
      • Science Fiction: Imaginative and speculative stories based in the future or in space.
      • Realistic Fiction: Stories of events or situations that could be real.
      • Folklore: Stories, songs, myths, and proverbs passed down through generations.
      • Historical Fiction: Stories with fictional characters or events in a historical setting
      • Horror: Stories intended to elicit fear or terror.
      • Tall Tale: Stories that employ grand exaggeration.

    Elements of Fiction

    • Characterization: Descriptions of characters' traits, actions, and interactions that help define who they are and how they affect the story.
    • Plot: The sequence of events or happenings that drive the narrative forward.
    • Point of View: The perspective from which the story is told (e.g., first person, third person).
    • Setting: The time, place, and social context that provides background to the story.
    • Style: The particular manner in which a writer utilizes language.
    • Symbolism: Elements (characters, settings, events) that embody deeper, often abstract, meanings.
    • Theme: The central message or idea explored throughout the story.
    • Tone: The author's attitude toward the subject matter, revealed through the language.

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    Description

    Explore the rich history and development of Philippine literature, from oral traditions to modern written forms. This quiz highlights the impact of colonization and nationalism on Filipino storytelling, including works in both Filipino and English. Test your knowledge of key literary movements and influential authors.

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