Philippine Literature: Pre-colonial to Spanish Era

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Questions and Answers

During which period did Filipinos primarily imitate English in their writing?

American Occupation (correct)

Pre-colonial Period

Contemporary Period

Japanese Occupation

Fiction was prioritized over poetry during the Japanese Occupation.

True

What form of literature was emphasized during the Contemporary period?

Socially committed, gender/ethnic sensitive, personal

The Japanese Occupation encouraged Filipinos to use their native languages instead of ______.

Nihonggo Signup and view all the answers

Match the following periods with their characteristics:

American Occupation = Free Public Schools opened Japanese Occupation = Fiction prevailed over poetry Contemporary = Freedom of the press Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a form of pre-colonial literature?

Novels Signup and view all the answers

Fables typically involve human characters who behave like animals.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of proverbs and aphorisms in pre-colonial literature?

To express norms or codes of behavior and instill values. Signup and view all the answers

_______ are narrative poems that celebrate the achievements of a hero.

Epics Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of pre-colonial literature with their descriptions:

Folktales = Anonymous and timeless tales circulated orally Legends = Presented as history with extraordinary heroes Myths = Involve supernatural elements in a timeless past Folk Songs = Express hopes and aspirations of the people Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following works was written by Jose Rizal?

Noli Me Tangere Signup and view all the answers

Marcelo H. Del Pilar wrote a satirical piece in response to Fr. Jose Rodriguez's writing.

True Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of Graciano Lopez-Jaena's writings?

To promote the goals of the Propaganda Movement. Signup and view all the answers

Jose Rizal's novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is classified as revolutionary.

El Filibusterismo Signup and view all the answers

Match the following authors with their notable works:

Jose Rizal = Noli Me Tangere Emilio Jacinto = Liwanag at Dilim Apolinario Mabini = Rise and Fall of the Philippine Republic Andres Bonifacio = Katungkulang sagawin ng mga anak sa bayan Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of literature emerged during the Spanish occupation of the Philippines?

Propaganda Literature Signup and view all the answers

The Pasyon is a type of instructional piece from the Spanish period.

False Signup and view all the answers

What was one major effect of Spanish colonization on Filipino language?

Filipinos were forced to speak Spanish. Signup and view all the answers

The __________ highlights the inequities of the Philippines' colonial legacy.

Revolutionary Literature Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of literature with their characteristics:

Pasyon = Religious text Awit = Tells tales of knights and chivalry Prose Narrative = Narrative that tells a story Senakulo = Dramatic representation of the Passion of Christ Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

History of Philippine Literature

Pre-colonial Literature

Earliest literature in the Philippines dates back to before Spanish colonization, depicting diverse livelihoods, customs, and traditions.
Comprises oral literature, including folk songs, tales, chants, fables, legends, myths, proverbs, and epics.
Folktales are anonymous, timeless stories shared orally, while fables use animal characters to convey morals.
Legends often mix history with fantastical elements, offering portrayals of extraordinary heroes.
Myths explain the supernatural and are set in a timeless past, transcending logical boundaries.
Epics are lengthy narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds, while proverbs and aphorisms convey community values succinctly.
Folk songs express the aspirations and emotions of people's everyday lives.

Spanish Occupation

Span from 1565 to 1863; Spanish colonial rule forced Filipinos to adopt the Spanish language.
Religious Literature: Included works like Pasyon, Senakulo, and Komedia, often discussing themes of Moros vs. Christians.
Secular Literature: Featured prose narratives, Awit reflecting chivalry, and instructional texts about decorum.
Propaganda Literature: Consisted of editorials, political news, and satirical works aimed at critiquing colonial rule.
Revolutionary Literature: Highlighted inequities of colonialism, with Filipinos referred to derogatorily as Ladings, emphasizing social divisions.

American Occupation

Lasted from 1910 to 1945; characterized by the introduction of English as a medium of instruction.
Establishment of free public schools facilitated the spread of American literature forms.
Notable literary genres during this period included short stories, novels, and newspapers.

Japanese Occupation

Occurred between 1942 and 1960, with a stronger focus on fiction over poetry.
Allowed freedom in exploring native languages and themes, while also glorifying the Japanese presence.
Shut down American theaters to promote Filipino literary expressions.
Common literary genres included poetry, drama, fiction, and essays.

Contemporary Literature

From 1960 to the present, marked by a commitment to freedom of the press.
Current literary works resonate with themes such as social issues, gender, and ethnic sensitivity, alongside personal narratives.

Key Figures in Propaganda Literature

José Rizal: Author of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, which critiqued Spanish rule.
Marcelo H. Del Pilar: Wrote Kaiingat Kayo, a satirical response to critiques of Rizal’s works, published in Barcelona.
Graciano Lopez Jaena: Authored Katutuksuhan and Dasalan, emphasizing social issues through satire.
Andres Bonifacio: Wrote Katungkulang Sagawin ng mga Anak sa Bayan, focusing on civic obligation, and Ang Dapat Magbatid ng Tagalog, an instructional text for Tagalog speakers.
Emilio Jacinto: Produced Liwanag at Dilim, a collection of essays discussing societal problems.
Apolinario Mabini: Known for El Desarollo y Caida de la Republica Filipina, detailing Philippine history from imperialism to independence.

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Description

Explore the rich tapestry of Philippine literature from pre-colonial times through the Spanish occupation. This quiz covers the evolution of oral literature, folk songs, epics, and the impacts of colonialism on literary expression. Test your knowledge of significant works and their cultural significance.