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Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of direct sales?
Who typically employs manufacturers' representatives?
What role do wholesalers play in the distribution channel?
What defines augmented benefits of a product or service?
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Which pricing strategy uses high prices to target a market segment concerned with quality?
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What do brokers do in the distribution channel?
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Which of the following is an example of direct mail?
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What characterizes penetration pricing?
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What is the first stage of the New Product Development process?
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Which of the following are characteristics of specialty products?
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Unsought products are typically known for which attribute?
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In the New Product Development process, what does the external assessment focus on?
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Which stage involves checking the product's marketability after full development?
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What type of products are referred to as industrial products?
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Which stage focuses on developing a marketing strategy for the new product concept?
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What is the purpose of concept testing in the New Product Development process?
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What is the first-person point of view characterized by?
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Which description best fits an allusion?
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What is a primary feature of a cliffhanger?
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Which statement accurately describes a motif in literature?
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What does the term 'syntax' refer to in poetry?
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Which type of imagery appeals to the sense of touch?
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In poetry, who is the addressee?
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What distinguishes poetry from fiction?
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What is a significant theme present in Philippine literature during the American Regime?
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Which author is noted for his contributions to free verse during the American Regime?
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What was a common theme in Philippine literature during the Japanese Period?
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What impact did the American colonial rule have on the language of instruction in the Philippines?
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Which newspapers gained prominence during the Post EDSA 1 Revolution period?
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What is emphasized for learners in the 21st Century Period according to the content?
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What kind of writing style and format are 21st-century learners expected to adopt?
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Which of the following best describes Philippine literature during the 21st Century?
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What is the primary goal of promotion in public relations?
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Which factor is NOT considered an internal organizational factor influencing price determination?
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Which of the following is a tool included in the promotional mix?
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Which of the following describes personal sales?
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What is meant by 'Promotional Mix Tools'?
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Which aspect is NOT a part of the recommended networking tips?
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What does the 'E' in the PEOPLE acronym stand for within a workplace context?
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Which of these elements is part of external factors influencing price determination?
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Study Notes
Philippine Literature
- Chants (Bulong) were used in witchcraft or enchantment especially in remote places in Visayas.
- The American Regime (1898-1944) influenced Filipino writers to write in English.
- Jose Garcia Villa was famous for his free verse.
- The Japanese Period (1941-1945) halted Philippine literature in English.
- Nationalism, country, love, and life in the barrios, faith, religion, and the arts were common themes during the Japanese Occupation.
Post EDSA 1 Revolution (1986-1999)
- The People Power revolution lasted four days: February 21-25, 1986.
- The Inquirer, Malaya, and the People's Journal newspapers gained popularity overnight.
21st Century Period (1986-1999)
- New trends have been introduced to meet the needs and tastes of the new generation.
- 21st Century learners are demanded to be Information and Communication Technology (ICT) inclined.
- New codes or lingos are used to add flavor to literary pieces.
Points of View
- First-person or auto diegetic narration is when the POV is in the “I” voice.
- Second person or homodiegetic narration is when the POV is in the “you” voice.
- Third person or heterodiegetic narration is when the POV is not in the “I” or “you” voice.
Literary Techniques
- An allusion is a figure of speech that refers to a famous person, place, or historical event, either directly or through implication.
- Motif is a literary technique that consists of a repeated element that has symbolic significance to a literary work.
- Satire in literature is a type of social commentary with the use of exaggeration, irony, and other devices to poke fun at a particular thing.
- A cliffhanger is a plot device in which part of a story ends unresolved, usually in a suspenseful or shocking way.
Poetry
- Poetry is derived from the Greek word poiein, which means "to create or make".
- Poems vary in length, and unlike fiction, they are written in verses (lines and stanzas).
- Poetry uses fewer words than fiction, implying more meaning than stated.
Characters in Poetry
- The persona or the speaker in a poem is the one speaking in it.
- The addressee is the one whom the speaker is talking to in the poem.
Setting in Poetry
- Setting answers the questions: "Where," and "When," specifically, is the poem situated?
Imagery in Poetry
- Imagery refers to the use of words that trigger one’s imagination by triggering one’s senses.
- Visual Imagery appeals to the sense of sight.
- Auditory Imagery appeals to the sense of hearing.
- Olfactory Imagery appeals to the sense of smell.
Stages of Product Life Cycle
- The Product Development Process involves:
- Idea generation
- Idea screening
- Concept testing
- Marketing strategy and development stage
- Business analysis
- Product development
- Test Marketing
Types of Products
- Specialty products are items with particular brands and stores to which consumers are loyal and ready to exert special effort.
- Unsought products are products or services that consumers are either not aware of the brand existence or have awareness of the brand, however, are not usually considering buying it.
- Industrial products are goods or services purchased for use/consumption in the production/manufacturing of other goods or services, in the operation of a business, or for resale to other customers.
Categorization of Industrial Products
- Accessory equipment (capital equipment)
- Raw materials (materials and parts)
- Industrial or operating supplies
New Product Development
- Internal process looks at the company’s objectives and resources.
- External process looks at the customer’s needs and wants.
Product Satisfying Features
- Design provides the core-benefits of a product or service.
- Physical characteristics of the product or service are the second layer of selection which has better packaging for products or better physical evidence or customer experience for services.
- Augmented benefits are only additional benefits a customer will still get.
Types of Sales
- Direct sale: the company/firm plans are to move goods directly to the ultimately users.
- Original equipment manufacturer sales: selling a manufactured product which is later sold as a finished product to the end user.
- Manufacturer’s representative: a wholesaler employed by one or several producers and paid on a commission basis according to quantity sold.
- Wholesalers: channel members that sell to retailers or other agents for further distribution through the channel until they reach the final users.
- Brokers: distributors who buy directly from distributor or wholesaler and sell to retailers or end users.
- Retailers: sell directly to customers in the store. They buy products without any intermediaries or middlemen.
- Direct mail: includes printed materials used in a targeted campaign to consumers. These are sent directly to consumers. These include catalogs, letters, e-mail, and other direct appeals.
Basic Types of Channel Distribution
- Direct Channel: the producer sells his/her product directly to the final consumers.
- Indirect channel: the producer uses middlemen to transport their product from the producers to the final consumers.
Factors that Influence Price Determination
-
Internal organizational factors:
- marketing objectives
- marketing mix strategy
- cost-plus pricing strategy
-
External factors:
- market demand
- competitors’ strategy
- economic and social concerns
Price Policies
- Target Pricing: aims to establish the price point where the company is expected to achieve a defined profit margin based on target production and marketing costs.
-
Broad Price Policy: Links prices with the target market, image, and other marketing elements. It makes sure that pricing decisions are coordinated from other sellers.
- Penetration pricing: uses low prices to capture customers.
- Skimming pricing: uses high prices to attract market segments concerned with product quality, status.
Price Strategies
- Ways or actions to accomplish the goals and objectives of the company in gaining profit.
Promotion
- Promotion involves presenting the products or services to the public and how these can address the public's needs, wants, problems, or desires. The major goal of promotion is to gain attention.
Promotional Mix
- Promotional mix: combination of strategies to accomplish the promotion objectives of an organization.
-
Promotional Mix Tools: refer to the entire set of activities, which communicate the products, brand, or service to the user.
- Advertising: paid, non-personal communication regarding goods, services, organizations, people, places and ideas that is transmitted through various media by business firms, government, etc.
- Public Relations: detailed presentation of the publicity strategy of the firm.
- Sales promotion: means used to support the sales message like special sales, coupons, contests, etc.
- Personal sales: present the sales strategy which includes pricing procedures, rules on returns and adjustments, etc.
People as Products
- People can be considered as product by providing satisfaction to the consumer. These are celebrities, models, artists, dancers, singers, and the like.
Networking Tips
- Be humble and confident when dealing with others.
- Remember that both of you are important in the meeting.
- Make the first meeting successful. First impressions last.
- Share information to create understanding.
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Description
Explore the evolution of Philippine literature through various periods, including the American regime and the impact of the Japanese occupation. Discover how themes of nationalism and modern trends influenced writers from 1986 to the 21st century. This quiz covers significant authors, movements, and cultural shifts in Philippine literary history.
