Philippine Literary History Overview

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Questions and Answers

Who is regarded as the 'Father of Pampango Literature'?

Don Andres

Francisco Asenjo Darbier

Don Monico

Juan Crisostomo Soto (correct)

What is the setting of the zarzuela 'Alang Dios!'?

Rio Grande de la Pampanga

Provincia de Pampanga

Village of Parulog (correct)

Teatro Sabina

What central theme is explored in the zarzuela 'Alang Dios!'?

Forced marriages (correct)

Unrequited love

Friendship and loyalty

Poverty and struggle

Which character confesses to faking the theft that led to Enrique's incarceration?

Clara Signup and view all the answers

How many acts are there in the zarzuela 'Alang Dios!'?

Three acts Signup and view all the answers

What does the revelation of Enrique and Ramon being half-brothers signify in the story?

An end to the conflict Signup and view all the answers

What profession did Juan Crisostomo Soto have aside from being a poet?

Journalist Signup and view all the answers

What was the pivotal event that led to Enrique's incarceration?

Stealing a diamond crucifix Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the primary form of literature in the Philippines before 1521?

Oral literature Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT belong to Philippine folk literature?

Historical novels Signup and view all the answers

What are the three major groups of Philippine folk literature?

Folk narratives, folk speech, and folk music Signup and view all the answers

Which language family is NOT associated with the languages of the Philippines?

Indo-European Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Damiana Eugenio in Philippine literature?

She is known as the 'Mother of Philippine Folklore' Signup and view all the answers

Before the 16th century, how was Philippine literature primarily transmitted?

Word of mouth Signup and view all the answers

Which class was NOT part of the strict social hierarchy in precolonial Philippine society?

Babaylan Signup and view all the answers

Which type of literature includes the 'bugtong' and 'salawikain'?

Folk speech Signup and view all the answers

Which writing styles were introduced to Filipino writers through American literature?

Realism, naturalism, and modernism Signup and view all the answers

What major change occurred in the language of literary expression during American rule in the Philippines?

English became the primary language of literary expression Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following themes were introduced to Filipino writers from American literature?

Individualism and self-expression Signup and view all the answers

What does 'enjambment' refer to in poetry?

A line that does not end at a line's conclusion Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding literal language?

It conveys information directly and exactly Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a metaphor?

Time is a thief. Signup and view all the answers

Which literary device involves creating mental pictures appealing to the senses?

Imagery Signup and view all the answers

What type of poem consists of 17 syllables with a structure of 5-7-5?

Haiku Signup and view all the answers

What is the tone of a poem?

The poet's attitude or feelings towards the subject Signup and view all the answers

Which Filipino playwright wrote 'SA PULA, SA PUTI'?

Francisco Soc Rodrigo Signup and view all the answers

What was a common theme of poetry during the Japanese occupation?

Nationalism Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominant characteristic of a Tanaga poem?

It consists of 4 lines with 7 syllables each and a rhyming pattern of aabb. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following writers was a notable figure during the Japanese occupation, winning a Pulitzer Prize?

Carlos P. Romulo Signup and view all the answers

What can be described as the driving force that involves opposing objectives in a narrative?

Conflict Signup and view all the answers

Who authored the short story 'LUPANG TINUBUAN'?

Narciso Reyes Signup and view all the answers

What type of conflict involves a character struggling against society?

Character vs. Society Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary theme of Dekada '70?

Struggles for democracy and human rights Signup and view all the answers

Which filmmaker is associated with the film Himala?

Ishmael Bernal Signup and view all the answers

What does Dogeaters primarily critique?

Identity, power, and corruption during dictatorship Signup and view all the answers

What significant aspect does Killing Time in a Warm Place explore?

The internal conflict of Filipinos during Martial Law Signup and view all the answers

Which novel was published first?

Dekada '70 Signup and view all the answers

Which literary work addresses the impact of Martial Law on history and personal identity?

Empire of Memory Signup and view all the answers

What was a common outcome for literary works produced after Martial Law?

Address of political, social, and cultural issues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following novels discusses the influence of American military presence?

Gapô Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Philippine Literary History and Standards

Seven literary standards define a peerless epitome of artwork.
Philippine literary history spans Precolonial to Contemporary periods, influenced by geography, language, and ethnicity.

Philippine Languages

Over 170 languages are spoken across more than 7,000 islands.
Languages belong to families including Austronesian, Sino-Tibetan, and Austroasiatic, creating diverse literary traditions.

Ethnic Diversity

The Philippines consists of various ethnic groups: indigenous peoples, lowland Christians, and Muslims.
Literature reflects the unique cultures, traditions, and beliefs of these groups.

Precolonial Literature (Before 1521)

Rich oral literary tradition consisting of epics, folktales, riddles, and proverbs.
Literature was passed down orally; significant works include myths, legends, and folk songs.
Damiana Eugenio is noted as the "Mother of Philippine Folklore."

Historical Background of Precolonial Literature

Social structure included strict classes such as Datu, Maginoo, Maharlika, Timawa, and Alipin.
Themes revolved around life, blessings, and consequences from birth to death.

Folk Literature Types

Folk narratives in prose: myth, alamat (legend), and kuwentong bayan (folktale).
Folk speech examples include bugtong (riddles) and salawikain (proverbs).

Kapampangan Literature

Origin of the name Kapampangan relates to early settlements along rivers (pangpang ilog).
Zarzuela drama combines spoken word and song, celebrating Catholic liturgical feasts; first introduced in late 1878.

Juan Crisostomo Soto

Known as "Crissot," he is regarded as the "Father of Pampango Literature."
"Alang Dios!" is a tragic zarzuela dealing with themes of forced marriage and complex family ties.

American Influence on Philippine Literature

Introduced diverse writing styles: realism, naturalism, and modernism.
Shifted English to the primary language for literary expression, affecting themes of individualism and self-expression.

Elements of Poetry

Structure (form), meter, rhyme, tone, mood, and theme define poetry characteristics.
Enjambment propels phrases beyond line endings, enhancing flow.

Literal vs. Figurative Language

Literal Language conveys exact meanings, while Figurative Language employs metaphors and similes for deeper interpretation.

Common Figurative Language

Simile: "Her smile was like sunshine."
Metaphor: "Time is a thief."
Personification: Assigning human traits to non-human entities.

Filipino Poetry During Japanese Occupation

Themes often centered around nationalism, faith, love, and life in rural areas.
Haiku and Tanaga emerged as popular poetic forms.

Notable Playwrights

Jose Ma. Hernandez: "Panday Pira."
Francisco Soc Rodrigo: "Sa Pula, Sa Puti."
Clodualdo del Mundo: "Bulaga."
Julian Cruz Balmaceda: Known for multiple plays.

Filipino Short Story Development

Expanded during the Japanese Occupation with writers such as Brigido Batungbakal and Liwayway Arceo gaining prominence.

Literature in English (1941-1945)

Experienced suppression; many writers faced restrictions on publishing.
Carlos P. Romulo gained recognition for his impactful works.

Literary Conflicts

Conflict types include character vs. character, society, nature, technology, supernatural, fate, and self.

Key Literary Works Addressing Martial Law

"Dekada '70" by Lualhati Bautista: A resonant narrative of resistance during Martial Law.
"DogEaters" by Jessica Hagedorn: Critiques dictatorship's societal effects.
"Killing Time in a Warm Place" by Jose Dalisay Jr.: Explores internal conflicts during Martial Law.

Significant Novels Post-Martial Law

"Empire of Memory" by Eric Gamalinda: Examines history and personal identity after Martial Law.
Bautista's works highlight themes around women's roles and foreign military presence.

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Description

Explore the diverse literary standards that define peerless artwork in Philippine literature, spanning from the Precolonial era to Contemporary times. This quiz will guide you through the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions that shape the rich tapestry of the Philippines' literary history.