Philippine Literary History Overview
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Questions and Answers

Who is regarded as the 'Father of Pampango Literature'?

  • Don Andres
  • Francisco Asenjo Darbier
  • Don Monico
  • Juan Crisostomo Soto (correct)

    • What is the setting of the zarzuela 'Alang Dios!'?

  • Rio Grande de la Pampanga
  • Provincia de Pampanga
  • Village of Parulog (correct)
  • Teatro Sabina

    • What central theme is explored in the zarzuela 'Alang Dios!'?

  • Forced marriages (correct)
  • Unrequited love
  • Friendship and loyalty
  • Poverty and struggle

    • Which character confesses to faking the theft that led to Enrique's incarceration?

    <p>Clara</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many acts are there in the zarzuela 'Alang Dios!'?

    <p>Three acts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the revelation of Enrique and Ramon being half-brothers signify in the story?

    <p>An end to the conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What profession did Juan Crisostomo Soto have aside from being a poet?

    <p>Journalist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the pivotal event that led to Enrique's incarceration?

    <p>Stealing a diamond crucifix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the primary form of literature in the Philippines before 1521?

    <p>Oral literature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT belong to Philippine folk literature?

    <p>Historical novels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three major groups of Philippine folk literature?

    <p>Folk narratives, folk speech, and folk music</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language family is NOT associated with the languages of the Philippines?

    <p>Indo-European</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Damiana Eugenio in Philippine literature?

    <p>She is known as the 'Mother of Philippine Folklore'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before the 16th century, how was Philippine literature primarily transmitted?

    <p>Word of mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class was NOT part of the strict social hierarchy in precolonial Philippine society?

    <p>Babaylan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of literature includes the 'bugtong' and 'salawikain'?

    <p>Folk speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which writing styles were introduced to Filipino writers through American literature?

    <p>Realism, naturalism, and modernism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major change occurred in the language of literary expression during American rule in the Philippines?

    <p>English became the primary language of literary expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following themes were introduced to Filipino writers from American literature?

    <p>Individualism and self-expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'enjambment' refer to in poetry?

    <p>A line that does not end at a line's conclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding literal language?

    <p>It conveys information directly and exactly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a metaphor?

    <p>Time is a thief.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which literary device involves creating mental pictures appealing to the senses?

    <p>Imagery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of poem consists of 17 syllables with a structure of 5-7-5?

    <p>Haiku</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tone of a poem?

    <p>The poet's attitude or feelings towards the subject</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Filipino playwright wrote 'SA PULA, SA PUTI'?

    <p>Francisco Soc Rodrigo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common theme of poetry during the Japanese occupation?

    <p>Nationalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predominant characteristic of a Tanaga poem?

    <p>It consists of 4 lines with 7 syllables each and a rhyming pattern of aabb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following writers was a notable figure during the Japanese occupation, winning a Pulitzer Prize?

    <p>Carlos P. Romulo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be described as the driving force that involves opposing objectives in a narrative?

    <p>Conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who authored the short story 'LUPANG TINUBUAN'?

    <p>Narciso Reyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of conflict involves a character struggling against society?

    <p>Character vs. Society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary theme of Dekada '70?

    <p>Struggles for democracy and human rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which filmmaker is associated with the film Himala?

    <p>Ishmael Bernal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Dogeaters primarily critique?

    <p>Identity, power, and corruption during dictatorship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant aspect does Killing Time in a Warm Place explore?

    <p>The internal conflict of Filipinos during Martial Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which novel was published first?

    <p>Dekada '70</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which literary work addresses the impact of Martial Law on history and personal identity?

    <p>Empire of Memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common outcome for literary works produced after Martial Law?

    <p>Address of political, social, and cultural issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following novels discusses the influence of American military presence?

    <p>Gapô</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Philippine Literary History and Standards

    • Seven literary standards define a peerless epitome of artwork.
    • Philippine literary history spans Precolonial to Contemporary periods, influenced by geography, language, and ethnicity.

    Philippine Languages

    • Over 170 languages are spoken across more than 7,000 islands.
    • Languages belong to families including Austronesian, Sino-Tibetan, and Austroasiatic, creating diverse literary traditions.

    Ethnic Diversity

    • The Philippines consists of various ethnic groups: indigenous peoples, lowland Christians, and Muslims.
    • Literature reflects the unique cultures, traditions, and beliefs of these groups.

    Precolonial Literature (Before 1521)

    • Rich oral literary tradition consisting of epics, folktales, riddles, and proverbs.
    • Literature was passed down orally; significant works include myths, legends, and folk songs.
    • Damiana Eugenio is noted as the "Mother of Philippine Folklore."

    Historical Background of Precolonial Literature

    • Social structure included strict classes such as Datu, Maginoo, Maharlika, Timawa, and Alipin.
    • Themes revolved around life, blessings, and consequences from birth to death.

    Folk Literature Types

    • Folk narratives in prose: myth, alamat (legend), and kuwentong bayan (folktale).
    • Folk speech examples include bugtong (riddles) and salawikain (proverbs).

    Kapampangan Literature

    • Origin of the name Kapampangan relates to early settlements along rivers (pangpang ilog).
    • Zarzuela drama combines spoken word and song, celebrating Catholic liturgical feasts; first introduced in late 1878.

    Juan Crisostomo Soto

    • Known as "Crissot," he is regarded as the "Father of Pampango Literature."
    • "Alang Dios!" is a tragic zarzuela dealing with themes of forced marriage and complex family ties.

    American Influence on Philippine Literature

    • Introduced diverse writing styles: realism, naturalism, and modernism.
    • Shifted English to the primary language for literary expression, affecting themes of individualism and self-expression.

    Elements of Poetry

    • Structure (form), meter, rhyme, tone, mood, and theme define poetry characteristics.
    • Enjambment propels phrases beyond line endings, enhancing flow.

    Literal vs. Figurative Language

    • Literal Language conveys exact meanings, while Figurative Language employs metaphors and similes for deeper interpretation.

    Common Figurative Language

    • Simile: "Her smile was like sunshine."
    • Metaphor: "Time is a thief."
    • Personification: Assigning human traits to non-human entities.

    Filipino Poetry During Japanese Occupation

    • Themes often centered around nationalism, faith, love, and life in rural areas.
    • Haiku and Tanaga emerged as popular poetic forms.

    Notable Playwrights

    • Jose Ma. Hernandez: "Panday Pira."
    • Francisco Soc Rodrigo: "Sa Pula, Sa Puti."
    • Clodualdo del Mundo: "Bulaga."
    • Julian Cruz Balmaceda: Known for multiple plays.

    Filipino Short Story Development

    • Expanded during the Japanese Occupation with writers such as Brigido Batungbakal and Liwayway Arceo gaining prominence.

    Literature in English (1941-1945)

    • Experienced suppression; many writers faced restrictions on publishing.
    • Carlos P. Romulo gained recognition for his impactful works.

    Literary Conflicts

    • Conflict types include character vs. character, society, nature, technology, supernatural, fate, and self.

    Key Literary Works Addressing Martial Law

    • "Dekada '70" by Lualhati Bautista: A resonant narrative of resistance during Martial Law.
    • "DogEaters" by Jessica Hagedorn: Critiques dictatorship's societal effects.
    • "Killing Time in a Warm Place" by Jose Dalisay Jr.: Explores internal conflicts during Martial Law.

    Significant Novels Post-Martial Law

    • "Empire of Memory" by Eric Gamalinda: Examines history and personal identity after Martial Law.
    • Bautista's works highlight themes around women's roles and foreign military presence.

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    Description

    Explore the diverse literary standards that define peerless artwork in Philippine literature, spanning from the Precolonial era to Contemporary times. This quiz will guide you through the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions that shape the rich tapestry of the Philippines' literary history.

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