Philippine Literature Midterm Coverage

Philippine Literature Midterm Coverage

• Course covers Philippine literature from the pre-Spanish period to the present.
• Learning outcomes include identifying genres, understanding importance, and integrating core values into present-day Filipino lives.
• This study of literature looks at major literary types from the pre-Spanish era reflecting daily life, experiences, aspirations, and inspiration.

Genres of Prose

• Novels: Long narratives, divided into chapters, and often based on true stories. Example: Without Seeing the Dawn by Stevan Javellana
• Short stories: Narratives involving one or more characters, one plot, and a single impression. Example: Laughter of My Father by Carlos Bulosan
• Plays: Performances with acts and scenes. Example: Thirteen Plays by Wilfredo M Guerrero
• Legends: Fictional narratives usually about origins. Example: Bikol Legend by Pio Duran
• Fables: Fictional narratives, often with animals or inanimate objects, teaching morals or values. Example: Monkey and the Turtle
• Anecdotes: Accounts of short events, used to teach a lesson or entertain. Example: The Moth and The Lamp
• Essays: Expressing a viewpoint or opinion, often found in editorials.
• Biographies: Accounts of a person's life. Example: Cayetano Arellano by Socorro O. Albert

Genres of Poetry

• Epic: Extended narrative poetry about heroic deeds. Example: The Harvest Song of Aliguyon by Amador T Daguio
• Metrical Tale: Narrative in verse, often a ballad or metrical romance. Example: Bayani ng Bukid by Al Perez
• Ballads: Short, simple poems, often with themes of love, war, or sea.
• Folksongs (Awiting Bayan): Simple, lyrical poems intended to be sung, with common themes of love, despair, joy. Example: Chit-Chirri-Chit
• Sonnets: 14-line poems dealing with an emotion or idea, with specific rhyme schemes (Italian or Shakespearean). Example: Santang Buds by Alfonso P Santos
• Elegies: Poems about grief or lamentation, often for someone who has died. Example: Lover’s Death by Ricaredo Demetillo
• Odes: Poems offering praise and admiration, often in formal style.
• Psalms (Dalit): Poems praising a deity or entity.
• Awit (Songs): Poems with twelve-syllable lines, often used with music and performed in gatherings. Example: Florante at Laura by Francisco Balagtas
• Corridos: Octosyllabic poems, often about historical events or romances.
• Cenaculo: Commemorative plays about the passion and death of Jesus Christ.
• Panunuluyan: Plays presented before Christmas celebrating the search for shelter by Mary and Joseph, often including musical accompaniment.
• Salubong: Plays honouring the meeting of the Virgin Mary and the risen Christ during the Easter.
• Carillo/Shadow Plays: Performances using shadow figures on a screen.
• Zarzuela: Musical comedies or dramas, developed during the Spanish colonial era featuring romance and light themes.
• Sainete: Exaggerated comedies about everyday life highlighting the Filipino society.
• Moro-moro: Dramas or plays depicting battles and conflicts between Muslims (Moros) and Christians (often during fiestas).
• Karagatan: Ceremonies involving a search for a ring in the sea, steeped in religious and social customs.
• Duplo: Poetic jousts, usually involving characters from the bible or proverbs, popular during wakes and gatherings.
• Balagtasan: Poetic competitions, or debates, about specified topics, usually performed orally
• Dung-aw: Recitation of grief or poems about someone recently deceased.

Pre-Colonial Period

• Oral tradition was the dominant form.
• Literature reflected Filipino values and customs.
• Key subjects included legends, folk tales, epics, chanted verses, proverbs, songs, and riddles.

Spanish Period

• Introduction of the written word in Filipino and Spanish.
• Impact of Spanish culture on literature was significant.
• Some notable literary forms developed include novela and corridos.
• Key aspects include the introduction of the Roman alphabet, religious influence, and new genres.

Period of Enlightenment

• Significant changes and growth in literary works reflected in historical events.
• Key figures explored during this period include Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. Del Pilar, and Mariano Ponce.
• Exploration of themes and topics surrounding the injustices and struggles experienced by Filipinos during the Period of Enlightenment is highlighted.